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1789 14 July The French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille. 1792-1804 = the First Republic, officially the French Republic was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I, Former King of France Louis XVI was executed by guillotine. The National 1793 21 January Convention had taken power a few months earlier. 7 June Revolutionary Paris sections took over the Convention, calling for administrative and political purges, starting 1-year and 2 months of what is known as the Reign of Terror. 16 Former Queen of France Marie Antoinette was executed by guillotine. October 2 1795 The Directory seized power over the Convention. November War of the First Coalition – The Treaty of Campo Formio is signed between 17 France and Austria following decisive French military victories. The treaty 1797 October marks the collapse of the First Coalition, composed of European powers which tried to contain Revolutionary France. The United States Congress rescinded treaties with France, a moment 1798 7 July considered as the semi-official beginning of the Quasi-War. 9 Coup of 18 Brumaire: General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French 1799 November Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. 19th century Year 1801 Date 9 February 1802 25 March 1803 2 May 18 November 1804 1 January 18 May 2 December 1805 2 Event War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Lunéville was signed after the victory of the French Republic against the Second Coalition states (led by the Austrian and Russian Empires), marking the end of the war with only Britain left fighting France. War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Amiens established a peace between France and the United Kingdom. Louisiana Purchase: France sold Louisiana to the United States of America, renouncing its last territorial possessions on continental North America. Battle of Vertières: The viscount of Rochambeau was defeated and forced to surrender to the revolutionary army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Haitian Revolution: Dessalines declared the independence of Haiti. Napoleon was declared Emperor by the Senate, marking the beginning of the First French Empire (1804-1814) and the end of the French Consulate. Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in Notre-Dame de Paris. Napoleon had Pope Pius VII in attendance to indicate approval of the Church. War of the Third Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive 1806 1807 1808 1809 1812 1813 1813 1814 1815 1815 1821 1823 1830 December Battle of Austerlitz which marks the end of the Third Coalition (Austria, Russia, United Kingdom, Sweden and others) against France and its client states. Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, and created the Confederation of 12 July the Rhine, a union of French client states composed of 16 states in present-day Germany. War of the Fourth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive Battle of Friedland which marks the end of the Fourth Coalition (mainly 14 June Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) against France and its client states. Beginning of the Peninsular War which will last until Napoleon's defeat 2 May against the Sixth Coalition in 1814. War of the Fifth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive Battle of Wagram which marks the end of the Fifth Coalition (mainly the 5 July Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom) against France and its client states. (to 6 July) War of the Sixth Coalition: The Fire of Moscow marks the beginning of French retreat after the French invasion of Russia. The First French Empire reached 14 the height of its power and declined henceforth with the disastrous Battle of September Berezina. The Sixth Coalition will go on to win the war and Napoleon will be exiled in Elba. Battle of Dresden, took place around Dresden, Germany, resulting in a French victory under Napoleon against forces of the Sixth Coalition of Austrians, 26–27 Russians and Prussians under Field Marshal Schwartzenberg. However, August Napoleon's victory was not as complete as it could have been. Substantial pursuit was not undertaken after the battle, and the flanking corps was surrounded and forced to surrender a few days later at the Battle of Kulm. 16–19 Battle of Leipzig, 600,000 soldiers are involved in the largest battle in Europe October prior to World War I. Coalition routs the French. First Restoration: The House of Bourbon was briefly restored with Louis XVIII 24 April as King of France in an intermediate period of the Napoleonic Wars. Hundred Days: Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon is defeated by Seventh Coalition 18 June armies, definitively ending the First French Empire and the Napoleonic Wars, and marks the start of almost half a century of peace throughout Europe. Second Restoration: With Napoleon exiled in Saint Helena, the House of 7 July Bourbon was again restored. Louis XVIII became King of France until his death on 16 September 1824. 5 May Death of Napoleon. French invasion of Spain: France started its invasion of Spain, eventually April succeeding and restoring the monarchy, ending the Liberal Triennium. July Revolution or French Revolution of 1830: the conservative House of July Bourbon is overthrown and replaced by the more liberal Orleans Monarchy with Louis-Philippe becoming King of France. 3 February 22 1831 November 1832 5 June End of the Greek War of Independence; Greece wins their independence when Russia, France and Britain finally agree on the terms of the Treaty of London First Canut revolt: first clearly defined worker uprising of the Industrial Revolution. June Rebellion: Unsuccessful Anti-monarchist insurrection in Paris. Pastry War: Victorious French troops withdraw from Mexico after their 1839 9 March demands were satisfied. 1848 February Revolution or French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced February King Louis-Philippe to abdicate and flee to England. 20 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte starts his term as the first president of the Second December French Republic (1848-1851). European Revolutions of 1848 Exactly one year after his coup d'état, president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte 2 1851 becomes Napoleon III of France, ending the Second Republic and creating December the Second French Empire with him as dictator (1851-1870) 185328 March Crimean War: France and Britain formally declared war on Russia. 1856 1860 Following the Franco-Sardinian victory over the Austrian Empire in the Second Italian War of Independence, Italian regions of Nice and Savoy were transferred to the French Empire as a reward. 18 Second Opium War: British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in October Beijing. French intervention in Mexico: French troops start withdrawing from the 1866 31 May country. 1870Third Republic 1940 1871 The end of the Franco-Prussian War: France's loss marked the downfall of Napoleon III and led to the end of the Second French Empire. The Third 10 May Republic was subsequently declared and Napoleon III went into exile in the United Kingdom until his death. The Paris Commune was declared and lasted 2 months before being violently 26 March suppressed by the French army. 31 August Adolphe Thiers began his term as president of France.