Download 19th century

1789 14 July
The French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille.
1792-1804 = the First Republic, officially the French Republic was founded on 22
September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the
declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I,
Former King of France Louis XVI was executed by guillotine. The National
1793 21 January Convention had taken power a few months earlier.
7 June
Revolutionary Paris sections took over the Convention, calling for
administrative and political purges, starting 1-year and 2 months of what is
known as the Reign of Terror.
16
Former Queen of France Marie Antoinette was executed by guillotine.
October
2
1795
The Directory seized power over the Convention.
November
War of the First Coalition – The Treaty of Campo Formio is signed between
17
France and Austria following decisive French military victories. The treaty
1797
October marks the collapse of the First Coalition, composed of European powers which
tried to contain Revolutionary France.
The United States Congress rescinded treaties with France, a moment
1798 7 July
considered as the semi-official beginning of the Quasi-War.
9
Coup of 18 Brumaire: General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French
1799
November Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate.
19th century
Year
1801
Date
9
February
1802 25 March
1803
2 May
18
November
1804 1 January
18 May
2
December
1805 2
Event
War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Lunéville was signed after the
victory of the French Republic against the Second Coalition states (led by the
Austrian and Russian Empires), marking the end of the war with only Britain
left fighting France.
War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Amiens established a peace
between France and the United Kingdom.
Louisiana Purchase: France sold Louisiana to the United States of America,
renouncing its last territorial possessions on continental North America.
Battle of Vertières: The viscount of Rochambeau was defeated and forced to
surrender to the revolutionary army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
Haitian Revolution: Dessalines declared the independence of Haiti.
Napoleon was declared Emperor by the Senate, marking the beginning of
the First French Empire (1804-1814) and the end of the French Consulate.
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in Notre-Dame de Paris. Napoleon had
Pope Pius VII in attendance to indicate approval of the Church.
War of the Third Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive
1806
1807
1808
1809
1812
1813
1813
1814
1815
1815
1821
1823
1830
December Battle of Austerlitz which marks the end of the Third Coalition (Austria,
Russia, United Kingdom, Sweden and others) against France and its client
states.
Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, and created the Confederation of
12 July
the Rhine, a union of French client states composed of 16 states in present-day
Germany.
War of the Fourth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive
Battle of Friedland which marks the end of the Fourth Coalition (mainly
14 June
Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) against France and
its client states.
Beginning of the Peninsular War which will last until Napoleon's defeat
2 May
against the Sixth Coalition in 1814.
War of the Fifth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive
Battle of Wagram which marks the end of the Fifth Coalition (mainly the
5 July
Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom) against France and its client states.
(to 6 July)
War of the Sixth Coalition: The Fire of Moscow marks the beginning of French
retreat after the French invasion of Russia. The First French Empire reached
14
the height of its power and declined henceforth with the disastrous Battle of
September
Berezina. The Sixth Coalition will go on to win the war and Napoleon will be
exiled in Elba.
Battle of Dresden, took place around Dresden, Germany, resulting in a French
victory under Napoleon against forces of the Sixth Coalition of Austrians,
26–27
Russians and Prussians under Field Marshal Schwartzenberg. However,
August
Napoleon's victory was not as complete as it could have been. Substantial
pursuit was not undertaken after the battle, and the flanking corps was
surrounded and forced to surrender a few days later at the Battle of Kulm.
16–19
Battle of Leipzig, 600,000 soldiers are involved in the largest battle in Europe
October prior to World War I. Coalition routs the French.
First Restoration: The House of Bourbon was briefly restored with Louis XVIII
24 April
as King of France in an intermediate period of the Napoleonic Wars.
Hundred Days: Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon is defeated by Seventh Coalition
18 June armies, definitively ending the First French Empire and the Napoleonic Wars,
and marks the start of almost half a century of peace throughout Europe.
Second Restoration: With Napoleon exiled in Saint Helena, the House of
7 July
Bourbon was again restored. Louis XVIII became King of France until his
death on 16 September 1824.
5 May
Death of Napoleon.
French invasion of Spain: France started its invasion of Spain, eventually
April
succeeding and restoring the monarchy, ending the Liberal Triennium.
July Revolution or French Revolution of 1830: the conservative House of
July
Bourbon is overthrown and replaced by the more liberal Orleans Monarchy
with Louis-Philippe becoming King of France.
3
February
22
1831
November
1832 5 June
End of the Greek War of Independence; Greece wins their independence when
Russia, France and Britain finally agree on the terms of the Treaty of London
First Canut revolt: first clearly defined worker uprising of the Industrial
Revolution.
June Rebellion: Unsuccessful Anti-monarchist insurrection in Paris.
Pastry War: Victorious French troops withdraw from Mexico after their
1839 9 March
demands were satisfied.
1848
February Revolution or French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced
February
King Louis-Philippe to abdicate and flee to England.
20
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte starts his term as the first president of the Second
December French Republic (1848-1851).
European Revolutions of 1848
Exactly one year after his coup d'état, president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
2
1851
becomes Napoleon III of France, ending the Second Republic and creating
December
the Second French Empire with him as dictator (1851-1870)
185328 March Crimean War: France and Britain formally declared war on Russia.
1856
1860
Following the Franco-Sardinian victory over the Austrian Empire in the
Second Italian War of Independence, Italian regions of Nice and Savoy were
transferred to the French Empire as a reward.
18
Second Opium War: British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in
October Beijing.
French intervention in Mexico: French troops start withdrawing from the
1866 31 May
country.
1870Third Republic
1940
1871
The end of the Franco-Prussian War: France's loss marked the downfall of
Napoleon III and led to the end of the Second French Empire. The Third
10 May
Republic was subsequently declared and Napoleon III went into exile in the
United Kingdom until his death.
The Paris Commune was declared and lasted 2 months before being violently
26 March
suppressed by the French army.
31 August Adolphe Thiers began his term as president of France.