Download The Rise of Dictators

The Rise of Dictators
CH 13 SEC 1
I. Europe after World War 1
 The devastation of the war
affected every aspect of
life. Millions were dead,
the countryside destroyed,
and economic hardship
was everywhere.
 The Treaty of Versailles
made several countries
upset, notably Germany
and Italy.
I. Europe after World War 1
 Italy expected to be rewarded
for its efforts against Germany,
but were ignored in the treaty.
 Germany had the worst of the
treaty. They had to pay back
the countries it attacked, they
gave up control of some land,
and had to disband its army
and navy.
I. Europe after World War 1
 The economy of Germany
suffered, and inflation went out
of control. Prices changed from
day to day, even changing
several times in one day.
 Political problems plagued
Germany. A weak democratic
government called the Weimar
Republic took control but was
ineffective in helping the
country.
II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise
 Political and economic
hardships hit Italy, and into
that mix rose up Benito
Mussolini. He was a former
Socialist that became an ultrapatriot and dictator of Italy.
 He called his system Fascism,
which demanded complete
loyalty to the state, and violence
was an integral part of keeping
control.
II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise
 Hitler used the mistreatment
of Germany under the Treaty
of Versailles as a means of
gaining power and support of
the people.
 He will get himself elected to a
government position, and
would eventually be given
complete control of the
government.
II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise
 Hitler begins to build up the
military, and starts taking
over areas that Germany had
lost after World War 1.
 Spain goes through a civil
war, and fascist general
Francisco Franco takes
power, with support of Hitler
and Mussolini.
II. Totalitarian Leaders Arise
 Stalin solidifies his power in
the Soviet Union, using the
same tactics that Hitler and
Mussolini use in their
countries.
 Japan has an emperor, but
the military takes more
control of the country and
they begin to expand their
territory in Asia and the
Pacific.
III. Totalitarian Governments and Military Force
 Japan invaded Manchuria, a
province of China, and the rest
of the world did not try to stop
them. The League of Nations
condemned the Japanese, but
there were no consequences.
 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and
Ethiopia appealed to the
League of Nations, who did
nothing and allowed the
Italians to take over Ethiopia.
III. Totalitarian Governments and Military Force
 The Spanish civil war was
fought between Communists
and Fascists and Nationalists.
 Other countries got involved
in the war, most fighting
against the
Fascist/Nationalist forces.
 It became a practice ground
for the armies of many other
nations in preparation for
World War 2.
IV. Hitler Takes Action
 Hitler moves troops into the
Rhineland, which was a
violation of the Treaty of
Versailles. France was scared
but did nothing to stop him.
 Hitler then annexed Austria,
called the Anschluss, which
was another violation of the
treaty, but again, no one
stopped him.
IV. Hitler Takes Action
 Finally, he decided to take
over a part of Czechoslovakia
called the Sudetenland,
which had many Germanspeaking people living in it.
 Neville Chamberlain, prime
minister of Britain, met with
Hitler about the
Sudetenland. He agreed to
give up the area as long as
Hitler did not take anymore.
In your notebooks
 Describe what would have happened in Europe had
Britain continued the policy of appeasement
followed by Neville Chamberlain. Half page answer.