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AP UNITED STATES HISTORY Final and National Exam Review Notecards #6 Gag Rule • 1. Favorite tactic of abolitionists was to flood Congress • • • • with petitions to end slavery. 2. Tradition was for Congress to read each petition; thus reading abolition petitions would slow down the business of Congress. 3. Southern congressmen pass a rule making it against protocol to discuss abolition petitions in Congress. 4. Law is in effect from 1836-1845; only congressman to violate gag rule is John Quincy Adams. 5. Often appears in objective exams; can also be used for support in FRQs. #7 Embargo Act of 1807 • 1. Both France and England continue to disrupt American • • • • neutrality during Napoleonic Wars 2. Jefferson wanted to avoid foreign entanglements, so he issues the Embargo Act of 1807, making it illegal for any ships to leave or enter American ports. 3. Jefferson believed that it would force England and France to respect American neutrality; instead it nearly ruins American economy. 4. Often cited as a cause of War of 1812, as vocal minority affected by Embargo want war with England to gain respect. 5. Commonly seen in objective questions. #8 The Election of 1824 • 1. No clear successor to Monroe presidency creates a • • • • situation with 5 candidates. 2. Jackson wins in both the Electoral College and the popular vote, but does not win a plurality. Election goes to the House of Representatives. 3. Clay, who finished 4th, is Speaker of the House. He influences the House to choose John Quincy Adams as new president. 4. Adams appoints Clay as Secretary of State; rumors of “corrupt bargain” are immediately voiced. 5. Commonly seen on objective and DBQ. #9 The Populist Party • 1. Composed of remnants of Gilded Age labor unions and • • • • different disadvantaged farmers. 2. Engaged in a political platform that called for graduated income tax, direct election of senators, and public ownership of the railroads, and the use of silver. 3. The free silver issue convinces the Populists to join the Democrats in nominating Bryan for president in 1896. 4. The unwillingness of the nation to elect the “radical” Bryan signals the end of the Populist Party. 5. Commonly seen on all formats of the exam. #10 Spanish-American War • 1. American public’s outrage over Spanish atrocities in • • • • Cuba forces the hand of the American government. 2. Sinking of Maine, yellow journalism, and desire for new imperialism spark U.S. intervention in conflict. 3. American performance in war is suspect, but victory provides new territory and start of empire. 4. U.S. violates own public remarks and policy and controls Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines 5. Seen on objective portion and FRQs; once on a DBQ (1999)