Download ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration PowerPoint

Learning Target: Cell Energy and ATP
I Can… Describe what ATP is and how
photosynthesis and cellular respiration play a
role in cellular energy.
I know I am successful when I …
• Distinguish between ATP and ADP.
• Briefly describe photosynthesis.
• Briefly describe cellular respiration.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
= Cells’ ENERGY molecule
P
A
P
P
Adenosine
Adenosine triphosphate
triphosphate (3)
(3)
P
P
P
A
P
Energy
Energy
P
P
A
Adenosine diphosphate (2)
ATP is made from the breakdown of
carbon based molecules
Molecule of choice is Carbohydrates (glucose)
• Breakdown of 1 glucose molecule can generate 36 to 38
ATP
Lipids are long-term storage of chemical energy
• Breakdown of 1 triglyceride molecule can generate 146
ATP
Proteins (amino acids) are last resort for energy
So where does the glucose come
from?
Producers can produce their own organic carbon based
molecules from inorganic material
Chemosynthesis – Organisms that use chemicals to
generate carbon based molecules to be broken down for
energy
• Simple prokaryotes that exist in area where sunlight
does not reach such as volcanic vents on the ocean
floor.
• Small percentage of Earth’s organisms
• Producers for those ecosystems
Photosynthesis –Process that captures light energy to
make sugars that store chemical energy
• 99% of life on Earth’s organism depend directly or
indirectly of sunlight for energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
chloroplasts
Stroma
Chloroplasts
• Contain chlorophyll a & b
• Absorbs red & blue light
• Reflect green light
Grana
Thylakoid
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
chloroplasts
Membrane bound organelle
• Grana(pl.) Granum (s.)
• Stacks of membrane
Stroma
enclosed compartments
containing chlorophyll
• Thylakoid
• Individual compartment
• Stroma
• Fluid that surrounds the
grana inside chloroplast
Grana
Thylakoid
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
• 2 Main Stages
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Light Dependent
• Purpose: Capture &
transfer sunlight energy
• Location: Within &
across membrane of
thylakoids
• Requires: Sunlight &
H2O
• Outcome: ATP,
NADPH, & O2
Photosynthesis
• 2 Main Stages
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Light Independent
(Calvin Cycle)
Photosynthesis
• 2 Main Stages
• Purpose: Make glucose
molecule
• Location: Stroma
• Requires: ATP, NADPH
(from light dependent Rxn)
and CO2
• Outcome: Glucose
molecule
Glucose moves from the Chloroplast out
to the cytoplasm of the cell
Even though plant cells have
chloroplasts and capture and
convert sunlight, CO2 & H2O to
make sugars that store chemical
energy the cell cannot use
sugar directly.
Consumers must consume plants
or other organisms that have
eaten a plant to get glucose, but
the cell cannot use sugar
directly
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down
glucose to make ATP in three steps:
• Glycolysis
• Krebs Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain
These processes
take place in the
cytoplasm then
mitochondria
of eukaryotic
cells
Mitochondria
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Glycolysis
• Purpose: Split a glucose molecule into two threecarbon molecules for use in aerobic respiration
• Location: Cytoplasm
• Requires: Glucose
• Anaerobic – No oxygen required
• Outcome: 2 Three-carbon molecules (Pyruvate)
and 2 ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Krebs cycle
• Purpose: Transfer energy
for use in electron transport
chain
Krebs Cycle
1
• Location: Interior or
matrix (area enclosed
and
by
inner
membrane)
6CO
matrix of mitochondria
• Requires: Two pyruvate
2
molecules
3
• Occurs twice (once for
inner membrane
and
each pyruvate molecule) 6O and
6H O
• Anaerobic (does not
require O2)
4
Electron Transport Chain
• Outcome: Energy for
electron transport chain, 2 ATP and 6 CO2
mitochondrion
ATP
2
energy
energy from
glycolysis
2
ATP
2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Electron Transport Chain
• Purpose: Produce 32 to
34 molecules of ATP
• Location: Across inner
membrane of mitochondria
• Requires: Energy from
Krebs in form of electron
carriers
• Requires O2 Aerobic
• Outcome: 32 to 34 ATP
molecules and 6 H2O
Krebs Cycle
1
mitochondrion
ATP
matrix (area enclosed
and
by inner membrane) 6CO
2
energy
2
3
energy from
glycolysis
inner membrane
and
6O2
Electron Transport Chain
ATP
and
6H2 O
4
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight →→→→→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
• 1 molecule of glucose
• 6 O2 molecules
Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
• 2 Pyruvate molecules
• 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle
• Electron carriers
• 2 ATP
• 6 CO2
Electron Transport Chain
• 32 to 34 ATP
• 6 H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Glycolysis
• Purpose: Split a glucose molecule into two threecarbon molecules for use in aerobic respiration
• Location: Cytoplasm
• Requires: Glucose
• Anaerobic – No oxygen required
• Outcome: 2 Three-carbon molecules (Pyruvate)
and 2 ATP
(2)
3-carbon Pyruvate
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
•
•
•
•
•
Cytoplasm
Anaerobic
No ATP
produced
Removes e-s
from NADH
Provides
NAD+ for
glycolysis to
continue
C
C
C
C
C
C
NADH
NADH
NAD+
NAD+
C
C
C
C
C
C
(2)
3-carbon lactic acid molecules
Occurs in humans
During brief
periods without O2
cells use lactic acid
fermentation:
• Muscle cells
• Require large
amounts of ATP
in rapid bursts
• Lactic acid build
up causes pain
and cramps
Alcoholic
Fermentation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(2)
3-carbon Pyruvate
C
C
C
C
C
C
Cytoplasm
NADH
Anaerobic
No ATP produced
Removes e-s from
NAD+
2 NADH
Provides 2 NAD+
C C
C C
for glycolysis to
2
2-carbon alcohol molecules
continue
2 alcohol
O C O
O C O
molecules
2
Carbon dioxide molecules
2 CO2
NADH
NAD+
Occurs in yeast, some plant cells
Important uses of
fermentation process