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Name ______________________ Hour_____ Using Graphing Skills Pre-Lab Discussion: Recorded data can be plotted on a graph. A graph is a pictorial representation of information recorded in a data table. It is used to show a relationship between two or more different factors. Two common types of graphs are line graphs and bar graphs. Line graphs illustrate the relationship between two major variables. The independent variable is charted on the horizontal axis, while the dependent is plotted along the vertical axis. Because line graphs display small increases and decreases, they are often considered to be very accurate. These graphs can also handle many different categories clearly. Because line graphs display small increases and decreases, they are often considered to be very accurate. These graphs can also handle many different categories clearly. Compare the following two charts showing the same data. 3.5 3.5 3 3 2.5 2.5 2 2 1.5 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Both contain the exact same data, but Graph A displays it as a line chart and Graph B as a bar graph. Which one is easier to read? Which one would you prefer to work with? Would it depend on the questions you needed to answer? Procedure Part A: Interpreting Graphs 1. The type of graph that best shows the relationship between two variables is the line graph. A line graph has one or more lines connecting a series of points. Along the horizontal axis, or x-axis, you will find the most independent variable in the experiment. Along the vertical axis, or y- axis, you will find the dependent variable. 2. Use the line graph in Figure 1 to answer questions 1 through 6 on your data sheet. Growth in Plants Over a Twenty Day Period Growth of Plant (cm) 12 10 8 Plant 1 6 Plant 2 Plant 3 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Days 3. Use the bar graph in Figure 2 to answer questions 7 though 11 on your data sheet Red Blood Cell Count During Human Growth Months 1 14 2 + (M 14 ) + (F ) 10 8 6 4 2 12 10 8 6 4 2 Bi rt h Average RBC count (million/ mm3 of blood) 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5 4.9 USING 4.8 GRAPHING SKILLS: STUDENT DATA SHEET 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 Years Time Part A: Interpreting Graphs Use the line graph in Figure 2 to answer questions 1-6 1. Which plant grew the tallest? ____________________________________________________________ 2. How many plants grew to be at least 6 cm tall? _______________________________________________ 3. Which plant grew the fastest in the first five days? ___________________________________________ 4. Which line represents plot 2? ____________________________________________________________ 5. After 10 days, how much had plant 3 grown? __________________________________________________ 6. How long did it tale for plant 1 to grow 6 cm? _________________________________________________ Use the bar graph in Figure 4 to answer questions 7 through 11 7. At birth, what is the average number of red blood cells per mm3 of blood? ____________________________ 8. What appears to happen to the number of red blood cells between birth and 2 months? __________________ 9. What happens to the number of red blood cells between the ages of 6 and 8 years? _____________________ 10. Between what ages is a human most likely to have 4.6 million red blood cells? __________________________ 11. After 14 years of age, do males or females have a higher red blood cell count? _________________________ Part B. Constructing Graphs- Use the information in the data table below to construct a line graph in the grid below. Data Table 1: Breathing Rate of the Freshwater Sunfish Temperature (oC) 10 15 18 20 23 25 27 Breathing rate (per minute) 15 25 30 38 60 57 25 12. Use the grid below to construct a bar graph for the information shown in Data Table 2. Data Table 2: Average Rainfall in Berger Valley Jan Feb Mar Apr Month Rainfall 15 21 28 24 May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 16 8 2 1 2 3 5 10 Analysis and Conclusions: 1. How is a graph similar to a data table? _______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How is a dine graph different from a bar graph? (Do not say “one uses lines and the other uses bars”!) _______ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Does a steep curve on a line graph indicate a rapid or slow rate of change? ____________________________ Critical Thinking and Application 1. You are conducting an experiment to measure the gain in mass of a young mouse over a ten week period. In constructing a graph to represent your data, which variable should you place along the x-axis and which should you place on the y- axis? Explain you answer. _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is an advantage of using multiple lines on a line graph? (See Figure 2) ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is it important to have all parts of a graph clearly labeled and drawn? ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________