Download Trees of the Bancroft Garden

Tree Inventory
Acacia caven
Chilean Acacia, Espino-cavan
Map Location 48
Bed H (P-4)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Chile
Height: 4.5 m. (15 ft.)
One of the most spectacular bloomers in the Garden, it is covered with clusters of golden-yellow flowers in
April. Often a shrub in form, it is used for hedges in Chile because of its stout spines. Its finely divided leaves
are attractively feather-like in appearance. Nice shade tree and very hardy.
Acacia constricta
Whitethorn Acacia
Map Location 14
Bed 11 (N-28); Bed C (J-11)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: SW USA
Height: 5 m.
This shrubby tree in front of the Winter House is a native of the American deserts from western Texas to
Arizona and south into Mexico. Extremely drought tolerant, it is also very hardy, surviving temperatures to 50F.
The pinnately compound leaves are deciduous in winter, on branches with conspicuous white spines. Fragrant,
golden yellow, ball-shaped flowers appear in late spring and occasionally in fall. Pods are up to 4” long and
usually constricted between the seeds.
Acacia craspedocarpa
Leatherleaf Acacia
Map Location 79
Bed A (I-33)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 10’
This evergreen shrub from Australia has round, thick, leathery full gray-green leaf-like ½" phyllodes, hence the
name Leatherleaf Acacia. It is an erect, compact shrub slowly growing to 10 – 15’ tall and wide, somewhat
resembling a large boxwood. The bright yellow catkin-like flowers appear spring through summer followed by
large flattened seedpods. Plants do best in full sun to part shade. Requires moderate irrigation until established.
It often turns a tan color in cold weather (Mountain States Wholesale Nursery website:
http://www.mswn.com/index2.htm).
Acacia pendula
Weeping Myall
Map Location 39
Bed F (BB-10)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 16 m.
The silvery-leafed tree with pendulous branches in the western part of the garden. Relatively insignificant pale
yellow flowers in late winter (sometimes in fall). Grown primarily for its foliage and weeping habit; dense
Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
growth to about 40’. The wood is “violet-scented” and used for veneer and “fancy boxes”. Found naturally in
hot, dry interior regions of Australia’s eastern states, generally along dry stream courses. Very drought-tolerant
and hardy.
Acacia pravissima
Oven’s Wattle
Map Location 51
Bed J (II-6)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: SE Australia
Height: 8m
This Australian shrub or small tree, with triangular phyllodes in lieu of leaves, brilliantly covered with yellow
flowers in late winter.
Acacia saligna
Blue-Leaved Wattle
Map Location 82
North Fence (G-42)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Western Australia
Height: 6m
Small tree from Western Australia, sometime called the Weeping Wattle.
Acacia sp.
Map Location 81
North Fence (H-43)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin:
Height:
Two trees of the same species planted here.
Acacia subporosa
Map Location 37
Bed 7 (Z-17)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 10 m.
A moderate-sized tree of a relatively vertical form with rather long, narrow phyllodes. The pale yellow flowers
emerge in early spring. The new growth gives a yellow hue to the foliage.
Brachychiton acerifolius
Australian Flame Tree
Map Location 1
North Fence (G-38)
Family: Sterculiaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 20 m. (60 ft.)
A spectacular red-flowering tree hardy to 25 degrees. Strong, heavy, smooth trunk that is usually green in
color. Leaves are handsome, glossy, bright green fans up to 10” across with deep lobes. They look similar to
maple leaves, hence the name acerifolius=maple-like foliage. Showiest flowering from May to June when the
whole tree can be covered with small, tubular, red or orange-red bells. Leaves drop before flowers appear in the
portion of the tree that blooms.
Brachychiton australis
Flame Tree
Map Location 49
Family: Sterculiaceae
Origin: N. Australia
Height: 15 m
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Bed F (DD-10)
This tree from Queensland and Northern Australia resembles B. acerifolius, but has white flowers.
Brachychiton discolor x acerifolius
Bottletree
Map Location 36
Bed F (DD-9)
Family: Sterculiaceae
Origin: E. Australia
Height: 30m
This hybrid tree (both parents come from Australia) has fuzzy pink- to rose-colored flowers, which appear in
summer.
Brachychiton ‘Majestic Beauty’
NCN
Map Location 5
North Fence (E-21)
Family: Sterculiaceae
Origin: Australia
Height:
This Brachychiton is a hybrid between B. acerifolius and B. populneus. Like B. acerifolius, it has dangling red
flowers, but without the palmate leaves of that species.
Brachychiton populneus
Kurrajong
Map Location 41
Bed L (FF-14); Bed F (Z-9)
Family: Sterculiaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 20 m. (60 ft.)
This Brachychiton species is named for the resemblance of its leaves to those of a poplar. Its flowers are small
and inconspicuous. It performs well in desert areas and consequently is widely planted in Arizona.
Brachychiton rupestris
Family: Sterculiaceae
Queensland Bottle Tree
Origin: NE Australia
Map Location 16
Height: 20 m.
Bed 11 (P-33); Bed C (F-6); Bed M (KK-25); Bed 7 (W-17)
The largest of these trees is near the greenhouse in Bed 11. The trunk stores food and moisture, allowing the
tree to survive long periods of drought in the dry interior of NE Australia. Leaves palmately divided in youth,
becoming simple (un-divided) on adult trees; flowers are a dull yellow with red speckles, but relatively
insignificant. Survived the 1990 freeze, but lost the outer tips of each branch. Very heat and drought tolerant;
ultimately as much as 60’ in height. Aborigines ate the young roots and the seeds, either raw or roasted.
Brahea armata (Erythea armata)
Family: Arecaceae
Mexican Blue Fan Palm or Blue Hesper Palm
Origin: N. Baja CA and Mexico
Map Location 21
Height: 80 ft
Bed 5A (W-26); Bed F (Z-11)
After Tycho Brahe, 16 century Danish astronomer, and armata=armed with thorns. The genus Brahea contains
approximately sixteen species growing from the Sonoran desert in northern Mexico into Central America plus
one species that is native to Guadalupe Island. B. armata has two very distinctive features: a crown of blue-
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
green to aluminum-gray palmate fronds and the extremely long arching (approximately 18 feet) inflorescences
that emerge from the crown of fronds bearing masses of creamy yellow flowers. On young trees the
inflorescences can arch out and beyond the crown of fronds and reach the ground. B. armata is relatively slowgrowing. They will tolerate extreme drought and extreme cold. The few representatives of the species growing
in the Ygnacio Valley survived the 1990 freeze (down to approximately 16-19 F degrees) without noticeable
damage. Since B. armata is native to the hot dry deserts of northern Mexico, they are not suitable in coastal
Sunset zone 17 climates. The palm can reach a height of 80 feet or more in a century of growth but specimens
this old are rarely seen in California; a few still survive on old ranches in the Central Valley.
The Garden has one very spectacular specimen visible from the main entrance of the Folly. It is approximately
30 years old.
Butia capitata (Cocos australis)
Jelly Palm, Pindo Palm
Map Location 31
Bed 9 (U-15); Bed 6W (BB-14)
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: S. Brazil, Uruguay
Height: 6 m. (20-25 feet)
From the vernacular Brazilian name and capitata, grown in a dense head, referring to the large dense clusters of
fruit.
The genus Butia consists of eight species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. B.
capitata grows in open savanna and sparse woodlands and are extremely variable in color, light green to
glaucous gray, and growth habit of the fronds, which can be erect or deeply recurved and arching (the most
desirable form). The pinnate fronds can be up to eight feet in length with the leaflets standing upward from the
petiole forming a trough. The inflorescences arise from within the crown of fronds and initially the spathe
stands nearly vertical and may reach 4-1/2 feet in length. As the spathes mature, they swell at the top, looking
something like a pointed baseball bat. Eventually the spathe will open by “unzipping” from the top to bottom
and the peduncle and rachillae will spill out. The unopened flowers are initially maroon in color against the pale
yellow of the peduncle and minor branches. The mature inflorescences will contain a dense mass of
yellow/orange fruit, each approximately one inch in diameter. By the end of the summer, the inflorescences can
weigh 75 pounds or more. A tree may produce five or six fruit clusters in a single season. The fruit are quite
tasty but the seed is large and the fruit very fibrous. A jelly is made from the fruit in South America, hence the
common name.
B. capitata is very cold tolerant and generally drought tolerant also. It can take the full brunt of California’s hot
dry summers.
Butia paraguayense
Scrub Bottletree
Map Location 40
Bed F (Y-9)
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: Paraguay
Height:
This palm is very similar to B. capitata, but has paler fruits with a less sour flavor.
Caesalpinia cacalaco
Cascalote
Map Location 78
Bed A (J-32)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Tropical Mexico
Height: 15 – 18’
Caesalpinia cacalaco can either be left unpruned to grow as a large shrub, or trained into a small tree to 15-18’
tall and wide. In the winter, Cascalote produces large spikes of clear yellow flowers at the branch tips, followed
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
by attractive copper-colored seedpods. Cascalote is native to tropical areas of Mexico, and suffers frost damage
when temperatures drop below 20°F. In warm climates, this plant is evergreen, with glossy green compound
leaves. Younger branches are reddish-brown, and are usually adorned with rose-like thorns. The thorns are not
as prominent on older trunks and branches. Cascalote grows best in full sun and well-drained soil, and is easily
propagated from seed. USDA Zone 9 (Mountain States Wholesale Nursery website:
http://www.mswn.com/index2.htm).
Our specimen was donated by our friends at Mountain States Wholesale Nursery in Glendale, Arizona, and was
planted in The Garden during the spring of 2004.
Caesalpinia spinosa
Tara
Map Location 83
North Fence (D-20)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Peru
Height: 2-5 m.
This small tree comes from Peru. It has dark gray bark and prickles on its trunk. Its leaves are divided into
rounded leaflets, and its flowers are yellow to yellow-orange.
Calliandra tweedii
Brazilian Flame Tree
Map Location 26
Bed 10 (Q-22)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Brazil
Height: 2 m. (6 ft.)
Large evergreen shrub or small tree, with lacy, bi-pinnately compound leaves. Brilliant crimson-red “powder
puff” flowers, heaviest in spring, scattered through fall; petals are small but color is provided by the stamens.
Accepts a variety of soils, and very drought-tolerant once established. Hardy to the low 20’s. Best in regions
with hot summers. Flowers are popular with hummingbirds.
Cassia leptophylla
Gold Medallion Tree
Map Location 2
North Fence (G-37)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Brazil
Height: 6 m.
One of the most graceful and shapely of the Cassias. Fast-growing tree or large shrub; open headed, low
spreading, tending to weep. Deep yellow flowers to 3” wide, in 6” to 8 “ long spikes through July-August with
scatter blooms from April to May. Visitors often note the yellow flowers upon entering the Garden as they are
conspicuous along the driveway.
Catalpa bignonioides
Common Catawba, Indian Bean
Map Location 60
Bed G (H-2)
Family: Bignoniaceae
Origin: SE US
Height: 20 m. (60 ft)
A rounded tree in habit, with ovate leaves up to 8” long, ill-smelling when bruised. Its beautiful white flowers
are born in panicles up to 10” long with 2 yellow stripes and brown spots. The seed pods that follow flowering
are long and narrow about 12” in length that separate into two valves. The seeds have a tuft of hairs at each
end.
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Cedrus deodara
Deodar Cedar
Map Location 73
Palm Allee (NN-17)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Himalayas
Height: 25 m.
Fast-growing to 80’, with a 40’-spread at ground level. Lower branches sweep down to the ground, then sweep
upwards. Upper branches openly spaced and graceful. Its nodding tip identifies it in the skyline. Softer, lighter
texture than other cedars. Often planted as a living Christmas tree, this becomes a substantial plant and should
not be used in small areas. This tree comes in many varieties from low shrubs to major trees.
Ceratonia siliqua
Carob
Map Location 46
Bed G (L-2, N-2, M-1)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Mediterranean
Height: 18 m. (50 ft.)
An evergreen tree with dense crown featuring dark green pinnately compound leaves with leaflets opposite and
about 4” long. We have several trees planted together. They can withstand a little frost, but generally adapted to
climates that support oranges. It will grow on any well drained soil and is used as a street tree extensively in S.
California. The pods are eaten by livestock, and also by humans. The seed pods are edible with a sweet pulp
between the seeds, and they can be processed to make a cocoa-like flour which can be used in baking and in
making candy bars, etc. Roasted seeds can be used as a coffee substitute.
Cercis canadensis var. mexicana
NCN
Map Location 84
North Fence (C-10)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: N. & Central America
Height: to 14 m. (40 ft. +)
Small tree resembling C. occidentalis. There are several trees planted together here.
Cercis occidentalis
Family: Fabaceae
Western Red Bud
Origin: Calif. Native
Map Location 7
Height: 5 m. (15 ft.)
Bed B (J-23); Bed C (G-13, H-12, I-11)
A number of large multi-stemmed shrubs or trees with nearly round leaves, along the drive and near the Folly
entrance. Notable in late winter or early spring for displays of bright magenta-pink flowers lining the stems and
branches, quickly followed by large numbers of flattened bean-like pods, each a dark magenta. Bright yellow
fall color before leaves drop. Very drought tolerant. Found in the foothills throughout California below 4000’.
Best flowering where winter temperatures drop below 28 degrees F.
Cercocarpus betuloides
Mountain Mahogany
Map Location 29
Bed 10 (N-18)
Family: Rosaceae
Origin: Calif. Native
Height: 6 m.
Native to the Sierra Nevada and mountains of California, it has a very attractive open structure and branching
pattern. Distinguished in the fall by long-lasting small fruits (achenes) with long twisted, feathery, tail-like
plumes that sparkle in the sunlight. Called hardtack, mountain ironwood, or sweet brush, this is a very hard
wood. Often found in shrub form with multiple trunks. Leaves are dark green above and pale beneath, feather-
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
veined with toothed edges. They resemble the leaves of birch trees; hence the name betuloides, or birch-like.
Chamaerops humilis
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Map Location 28
West Pool (S-21, T-21)
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: Mediterranean
Height: 6 m. (19 ft.)
Chamaerops is a monotypic genus and the only palm native to Europe. The normal habit of growth is as a
multiple-trunked clump, but occasionally single trunked trees are found. The trunks are rarely more than 8 to 10
inches in diameter, covered with long brown hair, and occasionally attain a height of 20 feet. The palmate
fronds are deeply divided and rarely are more than two feet across. The color of the fronds can vary from pale
green to glaucous blue/gray. The petioles are armed with vicious spines that point backwards which make
pruning the dead fronds a dangerous task.
C. humilis is very cold hardy (the freeze of 1990 did not damage them) and drought tolerant. It is widely planted
in Mediterranean-climate areas.
Clumps develop slowly from offshoots, curve to a height of 20 feet and up to 20 feet wide. A versatile palm
that can be used in containers, under other trees, or to form an impenetrable hedge. Drought and wind resistant,
it should be fed and given water in summer to speed growth.
Chilopsis linearis
Desert Willow
Map Location 18, 90 (‘Regal’)
Bed 2 (Y-31); Bed 1 (U-38); Bed M
Family: Bignoniaceae
Origin: SW Deserts
Height: 9 m.
A medium-sized tree with slender, willow-like leaves, found in various parts of the garden, some of the trees
being seedlings of the original plantings. Soft pink to lavender flowers like small trumpet flowers, beginning in
late spring and continuing through much of the summer, followed by long bean-like pods, typical of the
Bignoniaceae. Relatively fast growth to about 25’. Seeds readily in the garden. Found along dry stream
courses in the deserts of the southwest and northern Mexico. Very heat- and drought-tolerant; not happy in the
fog-belt. This tree provides very nice filtered shade. A cultivar named ‘Regal’ is planted in Bed M, map
location 90.
Chorisia speciosa (Ceiba insignis)
Silk Floss Tree
Map Location 19
East Fence (DD-29)
Family: Bombacaceae
Origin: Brazil
Height: 20 m.
A very distinctive tree with a spiny trunk along the fence east of the longer shade structure (bed 6). Very
tropical looking foliage of palmately divided leaves and a fairly open branching. Large pink flowers, bearing a
resemblance to hibiscus, produced in the fall; leaves often drop during flowering, and when temperatures drop
below 27 degrees. Best where temperatures don’t drop below 20 degrees; survived the big freeze with major
damage to all branches and the trunk. Most growth visible today has grown since the freeze of 1990, while the
trunk is remarkably healing itself with new bark and cambium. Under best conditions, can be up to 60’ tall.
Drought-tolerant, but happier with some water during the summer.
Cupressus arizonica
Arizona Cypress
Map Location 72
Family: Cupressaceae
Origin: SW US
Height: 13 m. (40 ft.)
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Bed N (GG-17)
The foliage makes this evergreen conifer a popular tree. Its leaves are pale or glaucous-green. Cones are up to
1” across and also glaucous. It is planted in much of the US and has many cultivars. Scales are woody with
many seeds to each scale. The cones take two years to mature.
Eucalyptus caesia
Gungurru
Map Location 69
Bed O (FF-22)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: 10m
With dangling leaves and attractive pink flowers with yellow stamens. E. caesia has brown bark which peels in
narrow curling strips so that the pale under-bark shows. It has deep green leaves and whitened branch tips.
Eucalyptus cephalocarpa
Mealy Stringybark
Map Location 30
Bed 9 (N-15)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 8 m.
Fibrous, deeply fissured bark of this species covers the trunk and branches, and this is similar to the bark of a
stringybark, though this is not a true stringybark. The buds and leaves are usually glaucous, or blue-gray, in
color, and this gives rise to the ‘mealy’ of the common name. The name cephalocarpa means ‘fruit heads’ and
refers to the crowded umbels of fruits.
In nature, this tree is found in Victoria and New South Wales, growing in sandy soil or loam, mainly on flat
country. The summers are mild with very few days over 370C, but the winters are cool with numerous frosts.
The wood of E. cephalocarpa is hard and dense, not burning readily, and the flowers are a useful source of
pollen for bees in honey production. While not well-shaped in poor soils, the trees can grow to about 8 m, and
in good soils can develop good shade.
Eucalyptus eremophila
Tall Sand Mallee
Map Location 87
Bed P (EE-25)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: 4.5m
A small tree, with long finger-like buds which precede the flowers. Prefers full sun and good drainage, and is
tolerant of frost and drought.
Eucalyptus erthyrocorys
Red Cap Gum
Map Location 66
Bed N (GG-20)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: 8m
Of all the species of Eucalyptus, E. erythrocorys has one of the most unusual bud-caps. Like other species it
lacks petals, relying instead on the tuft of colored stamens for floral showiness. The stamens are initially
concealed under a bud-cap, which is pushed off by the developing stamens as they mature. This species is
known as the red-cap gum because of the scarlet bud-caps. They also have a wonderful rough texture and ridges
that form a cross. The red color of the caps contrasts nicely with the yellow burst of stamens that emerges when
they are shed. The tree is of modest proportions, reaching a height of about 20-25 feet. It has sickle-shaped
green leaves, a white trunk, and branches which are reddish at the tips. It occurs only in a small area of Western
Australia a little north of Perth.
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Eucalyptus grossa
Coarse-Flowered Mallee
Map Location 68
Bed N (HH-20)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: 3m
This drought-tolerant bush or small tree has large, leathery, dark green leaves which are oval or lance-shaped.
It has large yellow flowers.
Eucalyptus kitsoniana
Bog Gum or Flat-root
Map Location 32
Bed 9 (U-16)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 6 m.
This is a species which occurs in scattered localities on poorer soils and wet sites in southern coastal Victoria. It
has also been collected from near Nelson, on the coast in far south-western Victoria. It is one of the relatively
few mallees of the moister part of Australia, being apparently adapted to survive in wetter than normal
conditions, rather than the dry conditions which are typical of the inland mallee country.
E. kitsoniana has the large underground root—stock or lignotuber which characterizes the mallees, and from
which numerous slender, smooth-barked stems arise. The large, ovate, opposite leaves which are usually present
are intermediate type, the adult leaves being much smaller, lanceolate, and with a fine point.
This species was described in 1904 by J. G. Luehmann, curator of the National Herbarium, Melbourne, and
named in honor of A. E. Kitson, a Victorian geologist.
Bog gum is usually only 1.0 to 1.2 m tall, but in a few localities it grows to tree form, reaching about 6 m. It
has a smooth, gray bark, with large, ovate, leathery intermediate leaves and smaller, but still leathery, adult
leaves. The rounded, sessile buds are borne in close clusters of seven, and it flowers in midsummer.
Eucalyptus laeliae
Darling Range Ghost Gum
Map Location 53
Bed K (KK-0, LL-0)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: to 20 m
Reaches a height of up to 20 m (60 ft.), with smooth pale bark, grey-green sickle-shaped leaves, and white
flowers in summer. Comes from the Perth area in Western Australia.
Eucalyptus lansdowneana
Port Lincoln Box
Map Location 70
Bed N (FF-20)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 6 m.
A small to medium-size dense tree, somewhat sprawling in its habit of growth. It can reach a height of up to
6 m (a little under 20 feet). Flower color ranges from pink to mauve. The name lansdowneana honors Thomas
Lansdowne Brown, who was one of the first collectors of the plant.
Eucalyptus macrandra
Long-flowered Marlock
Map Location 59
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 10.5 m.
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Bed H (Z-5)
The common name above which has been applied to this species in some literature, is rarely used. The specific
name macrandra means ‘long stamens’, in this case, and indicates one of the features of the plant. The buds are
long, narrow and acutely horn-shaped. The bud cap is usually at least three times as long, and about the same
width at the bottom, as the cup or calyx tube. E. macrandra is very similar to the tall sand mallee (E.
eremophila) but the bud caps on the latter are narrower at the base than the calyx tube.
This species is free-flowering and has smooth bark, usually growing to about 8 m, and sometimes topping 10
m in height. It occurs as thicket in better-watered situations in the Stirling and Porongorup Ranges of Western
Australia, receiving up to 750 mm annually.
Because of its habit, E. macrandra makes an ideal windbreak species, and it is also an attractive ornamental,
making rapid growth up to 4.5 m in five years. It is drought-resistant and moderately frost-resistant.
Eucalyptus nicholii
Narrow-leaved Black Peppermint
Map Location 61
Bed G (F-2)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 12 m.
One of the most attractive rough—barked trees, E. nicholii has been planted for ornamental purposes both in
Australia and overseas. It is especially popular in California where its fine, light green foliage and rounded,
compact crown are much admired, and the pink to plum-colored tint of the new leaves is used as a background
to floral displays.
In contrast to its attractive showing as a garden specimen, E. nicholii is an inconspicuous, rather poorly—
shaped tree in its native state. It does not usually grow to more than 12 m, with a short bole covered by fibrous,
brown bark and rather irregular branches with a tendency towards a weeping habit.
The many small, creamy flowers in autumn are borne in groups of seven, along the branches. The fruits are
also small and hemispheric with a flat or slightly raised disc.
E. nicholii occurs naturally on shallow soils overlying slates in a restricted area from Walcha to north of Glen
Innes in New South Wales, but will grow on a wide range of soils. It is frost-hardy and moderately droughtresistant.
The narrow-leaved black peppermint is more often simply known by its botanical name; it was named after
Richard Nichol, formerly a chief clerk at the Sydney Botanic Gardens.
Eucalyptus pauciflora
Ghost Gum, Snow Gum
Map Location 58
Bed K (AA-4)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 9 m (taller in some
populations)
One of the best known, as well as one of the most widely distributed eucalypts, this seems to be also one of the
most inappropriately named. The botanical name, given by Sieber, means ‘few-flowered’, yet it is a common
sight to see trees covered with blossoms during early summer.
This species is also known as white sally, cabbage gum and weeping gum. It is typically a cold-country
species, and one form, which is sometimes regarded as a variety and sometimes as a separate species, with the
name E. paucifiora subsp. niphophila (meaning ‘snow-loving’), is the tree found at the tree-line of the
mountains in the south-eastern part of the mainland of Australia. Snow gum is also found on the edges of frosty,
treeless valleys in the mountains, and to near sea level in western Victoria and adjacent parts of South Australia.
It is common in Tasmania, although here its high-altitude position is taken by other species.
Snow gum presents a remarkably attractive picture in the snow, with its short, curved trunk and smooth,
blotched, yellow and white bark, often with patches of green or bronze. The bark is marked by insect scribbles,
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
which help to distinguish it from mountain gum (E. dalrympleana subsp. dahympleana) where they occur
together. Snow gum has large, grey, leathery juvenile leaves with semi-parallel veins. The twigs are often bright
red or yellow, although in the alpine form they are covered by a waxy bloom. In the Garden, its beautiful white
bark elicits numerous comments and inquiries from visitors.
Eucalyptus polyanthemos
Silver Dollar Gum
Map Location 42
Bed D (P-10)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: to 75 ft.
The silver dollar gum is a fairly good-sized tree; large specimens may reach a height of 75 feet. A
mature tree has a rounded crown of gray leaves, and bears many small white flowers when it
blooms. The juvenile leaves are rounded, with a notch at the tip, and are used in flower
arranging. This species is native to eastern Australia, and is drought-tolerant. There are two
trees planted together in the garden.
Eucalyptus preissiana
Bell-Fruited Mallee
Map Location 67
Bed N (EE-16)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: 2.5m
Eucalyptus preissiana is a shrub or multi-trunked small tree with bluish leaves, branches which are reddish at
the tips, and attractive yellow flowers in early spring. It comes from the winter-rainfall region in southwestern
Australia, and prefers plenty of sun and well-drained soil. It is one of the lignotuber species, which have a
swollen base capable of re-sprouting after fires.
Eucalyptus sheathiana
Gungurru
Map Location 74
Bed O (FF-23)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: W Australia
Height: to 25 ft.
E. sheathiana is a small tree which may be up to 25 feet in height. It comes from inland plains
in southwestern Australia. The leaves are lance-shaped to sickle-shaped and gray-green in color,
and they have a strong fragrance when crushed. The flowers are cream or pale yellow in color.
Geijera parviflora
Australian Willow
Map Location 63
Bed C (J-12)
Family: Rutaceae
Origin: Australia
Height: 30 ft.
Small tree to 30 ft. in height with smooth, linear leaves and small white flowers. The narrow
dangling leaves are somewhat reminiscent of a weeping willow, giving rise to its common name.
Good for filtered shade in the garden.
Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Ruby Lace’ Family: Fabaceae
Honey Locust
Origin: E. US
Map Location 15
Height: 23 m. (140 ft.)
Yucca Flat (Q-29)
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Fast growing tree with upright trunk, spreading and arching branches. Leaves are divided into many oval
leaflets each about 1” long. Late to leaf out the leaves turn yellow and drop early in the fall. Broad, 12-18 in.
long pods follow inconspicuous flowers. Tolerant of acid or alkaline conditions, hardy to gold, heat, wind, and
some drought. Seems to do best in areas with sharply defined winters and hot summers. Good desert tree.
Can be used as a lawn tree, but not good against the curb or sidewalk as roots will heave up paving. This
cultivar features deep red new growth.
Jubaea chilensis
Chilean Wine Palm
Map Location 57
Bed K (Z-3)
Family Arecaceae
Origin: Chile
Height: 25 m. (80 ft.)
After King Juba of Numidia and chilensis, from Chile.
Jubaea is a monotypic Chilean genus. It was once abundant in its native area, but is much less common now,
since mature trees were formerly harvested for their sap, used to make palm wine and sugar. The trees are now
protected.
The most noticeable characteristic of this palm is its massive smooth dark gray trunk, which can attain a
diameter of six feet (the largest of all palms). A crown of dark green pinnate fronds tops the massive trunk. The
oldest specimens in California may be 130 years old and are in Lotusland in Montecito. J. chilensis trees are
slow growing (the trunk will take 25 years to reach its maximum diameter), but may ultimately reach as much
as 80’. They are very cold and drought tolerant. The inflorescence is more than 3 ft. long and maroon in color
with yellow center and stamens.
Juniperus deppeana
Alligator Juniper
Map location 92
Bed L
Family: Cupressaceae
Origin: SW U.S., Mexico
Height: up to 60 ft.
Can grow as large as 60 feet, but usually much less. The blue-green foliage is fine-textured. The berry-like
cones resemble lumpy blue-green peas when immature, and take on a purplish color as they mature. The bark
breaks into squarish plates which give it a texture reminiscent of alligator hide, giving rise to the common name
of “alligator juniper”. The overall appearance of this tree is similar to that of the Arizona cypress, but the latter
has very different stringy bark on its trunk and much larger cones.
Lagunaria pattersonii
Norfolk Island Hibiscus
Map Location 85
North Fence (B-7)
Family: Malvaceae
Origin: Australasia
Height: 15m
Evergreen tree of the hibiscus family from Australia and islands to the east. Flowers pink to purplish-pink.
Mahonia fremontii
NCN
Map Location 47
Bed G (O-2)
Family: Berberidaceae
Origin: S. Calif. & Baja
Height: 3 m. (9 ft.)
A shrub or small tree with dark green holly-like leaflets in usually in 2-3 pairs. The leaflets have 4 or 6 spiny
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teeth. The berry-like fruits are yellowish-red, and the seeds are red-brown. The foliage is attractive and durable
and the plan is drought tolerant. It does best when protected from the wind and hot sun. The Garden’s
specimen is located among other trees, which help to shade it and block the wind.
Melaleuca preissiana
NCN
Map Location 43
Bed D (Q-11)
Family: Myrtaceae
Origin: SW Australia
Height: 10 m. (30 ft.)
Dense shrub or small tree with whitish, papery bark. Leaves have nearly parallel sides and blunt tips. The
white flowers have long exserted stamens, which make it look like a bottle brush when in bloom. In the garden,
the main flowering period for M. preissiana is August-September.
Parkinsonia aculeata
Mexican Palo Verde Tree
Map Location 20
Bed 7 (BB-22); Bed 5 (BB-25)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Mexico
Height: up to 30 ft.
P. aculeata is a small tree with a green trunk and branches, and narrow, pinnately compound leaves with tiny
leaflets (only present when rainfall is plentiful in the desert). Green bark is sign of chlorophyll, which allows
photosynthesis to take place in the bark when no leaves are present. The branches have sharp spines. Bright
yellow flowers, each with an orange “eye”, appear in late spring and summer, followed by 6” leathery pods.
Very tough, rugged trees, tolerating heat, cold, and drought easily. An important tree in the desert, where its
light shade protects the more sun-sensitive cacti and succulents, just as it does in this Garden. Other species are
found from the SW USA to Chile.
Phoenix canariensis
Canary Island Date Palm
Map Location 75
Bed M (NN-22) – multiple trees
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: Canary Islands
Height: 20 m. (60 ft.)
After phoenix, the Greek name for the date palm, and canariensis, from the Canary Islands. It is also possible
that Phoenix refers to the mythical bird of Egypt or to Phoenicia, the ancient country in the Levant where date
palms were grown.
The genus Phoenix is one of the most widely distributed of all palm genera. The natural range is from the
Canary Islands, off the northwest coast of Africa, across North Africa, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia,
and Indonesia. There are seventeen species in the genus. P. canariensis is the largest member of the genus both
in frond length (about 15 feet in length), trunk size (at least two feet in diameter), and the size of the crown
(probably the largest of all palms in the number of individual fronds, approximately 200 pinnate fronds). One of
the most distinctive characteristics of Phoenix is the induplicate leaflets, which are attached to the central leafstalk (the petiole) with the pleat facing upwards. All Phoenix have spines on the lower petiole; on P. canariensis
they are about ten inches long and deadly sharp.
P. canariensis is very common in California, having been planted in the state since the mid-19th century.
Some of the earliest plantings were in palm allees, double rows of palms lining the entranceways of ranches and
farms. The stately old Canary Island palms lining the entrance to the Bancroft family estate are a classic
example of a palm allee.
P. canariensis are beautiful palms when viewed from a distance, but are not practical for small suburban
gardens.
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Young plants do well for many years, looking something like pineapples until their trunks elongate. Note that
the date palm from which commercial dates are derived is a different species, P. dactylifera.
Photinia serrulata
Map Location 38
Bed 8 (X-14)
Family: Rosaceae
Origin: China
Height: 12 m.
A large shrub or tree with shiny leaves that are dark green on top and yellowish green beneath. In the spring the
new leaves have a reddish color, making the plant quite spectacular. Leaves are thick and oblong, acuminate,
usually rounded at bases. Flowers are an attractive white and displayed in broad panicles, and fall brings
abundant red berries.
Pinus aristata
Bristlecone Pine
Map Location 35
Bed 7 (Y-21)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Rocky Mts. US
Height: 15 m.
A bushy tree with dark green color in the needles with conspicuous whitish exudations of resin.
Cone cylindric-ovoid about 4 - 9 cm long. Closely related to P. longaeva, the Bristlecone Pine
found in the White Mountains of California, this tree is among the oldest living things. It
survives in the Garden but prefers more depauperate soils and a shorter growing season. Not
well suited for our area.
Pinus edulis
Family: Pinaceae
Two-needle Pinyon Pine
Origin: US Great Basin
Map Location 22
Height: 15 m.
East Pool (U-24); South Pool (V-23)
This pinyon pine features two stout leaves (needles) per fascicle and is found from Wyoming to Texas,
California, and northern Mexico. Its needs are edible and a source of pinyon nut. Frost hardy and drought
tolerant this is a tough and attractive tree rounding in habit.
Pinus monophylla
Single-needle Pinyon Pine
Map Location 33
Bed 7 (X-19)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: US Great Basin
Height: 15 m.
Single needle leaves that are rigid and glaucous-green in color. Cone is broad ovoid shaped with dark brown
seeds (pinyon or pine nuts). Used by Paiutes as a primary food source. Very resinous.
Pinus montezumae
Montezuma pine
Map Location 17
Bed 12 (P-34)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Mexico
Height: 25 m.
The only pine near the greenhouse, notable for its long pendulous needles. Of several dozen pines native to
Mexico (the greatest diversity of pines in any region of the world), the Montezuma pine is one of the most
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
beautiful. Needles may be 12” or more in length, in bundles of 5. Cones are 6” long. Generally a tall oval tree,
up to 70’or so in height. Found in the moist highlands of Mexico. Quite tolerant of heat and drought; survived
our big freeze with no problems.
Pinus sylvestris
Scotch Pine
Map Location 62
Bed N (JJ-17)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Eurasia
Height: 30-70 ft.
Has stiff 2-inch blue-green needles and small oval cones. Popular for use as a Christmas tree.
Pinus sylvestris var. fastigiata
Scotch Pine
Map Location 34
Bed 7 (Y-20)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Europe
Height: 25-40 m.
Tree is spreading and pyramidal when young becoming round-topped and irregular when old. Bark is red or
red-brown and rather thin and smooth on the upper part of the trunk and darker fissured below. Two needles
per leaf, rigid and usually twisted with bluish green color. Cone is short-stalked, reflexed and symmetrical
about 3-6 cm. long. An important timber tree in Europe
Pinus torreyana
Torrey Pine, Soledad Pine
Map Location 45
Bed D (L-6)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Calif. Native
Height: 15 m. (30-40 ft.)
This relic species is one of the three big cone pines, all of which are native to California. The needles (leaves)
are in fascicles of 5, and are between 7 and 10 in. long. They are stiff and dark green in color. Nice open tree
that provides filtered shade to this area of the Garden. The cones are ovoid and about 6 in. long with edible
seeds.
Pinus wallichiana
Himalayan White Pine
Map Location 12
Bed B (L-16)
Family: Pinaceae
Origin: Himalayas
Height: 50 m.
A handsome pine of broad and open pyramidal habitat with grayish brown bark, fissured into small plates.
Long needles of grayish or bluish green color. It has cylindric, tawny-yellow cones from 15 to 25 cm long on
stalks. It is an Asian analog to our Western White Pine.
Podocarpus totara
Totara Pine, Mahogany Pine
Map Location 65
Bed R (JJ-21)
Family: Podocarpaceae
Origin: New Zealand
Height: 32 m. (100 ft.)
This tree grows quite tall and is a valuable timber tree in New Zealand. It features silvery-gray bark with dull
green leathery needle-like leaves about 1 in. long. The leaves are spirally arranged around the branches. Cones
are yellow and consist of 2-4 scales. Seeds are drupe-like, red, about ½ in. long.
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Prosopis glandulosa
Texas Honey Mesquite
Map Location 23
Yucca Flat (S-28); Bed 10 (N-22)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: SW US, N Mexico
Height: 10 m. (30 ft.)
Native to New Mexico, Texas, Arizona and California, this tree (like other mesquites) is important as a bee
plant and as range food. The seeds and young shoots are eaten by cattle. Native Americans and early settlers
ground the seeds into flour. The leaves are pinnately compound with 10 – 15 pairs of leaflets spaced about ¼ in.
apart. Its finger-like spikes of creamy-yellow flowers are produced abundantly in summer. The tree is very
drought tolerant and hardy.
Prosopis glandulosa ‘Maverick’ Family: Fabaceae
Thornless Texas Honey Mesquite
Origin: Texas
Map Location 80
Height: 30 ft.
North Fence (H-44)
This is a thornless selection of the Texas honey mesquite. Prosopis glandulosa is the most reliably cold-hardy
mesquite, tolerating temperatures down to 0°F. It has a wide spreading form to about 30’ tall by 30 – 35’ wide.
The leaves are bright green, with widely-spaced leaflets. The leaves look very similar to those of California
Pepper (Schinus molle). The smooth gray bark provides a wonderful contrast to the green foliage. Texas honey
mesquite is completely deciduous. USDA Zone 7 (Mountain States Wholesale Nursery website:
http://www.mswn.com/index2.htm).
Quercus lobata
Valley Oak
Map Location 64
Bed L (KK-13)
Family: Fagaceae
Origin: Calif. Native
Height: 30 m.
A large tree with wide spreading branches forming a round or oblong head with drooping branchlets. Native to
the deep soils of the valleys of California, its acorns were a major food source for Native Americans. Provides
great shade with dark green obovate leaves featuring 7 - 11 deep lobes. It is deciduous, and its crooked
branches are quite striking in winter.
Quercus robur
English Oak
Map Location 8
Bed B (J-20)
Family: Fagaceae
Origin: Europe
Height: 25 m. (80 ft.)
Stately tree with short thick trunk featuring deeply furrowed bark and wide-spreading stout limbs forming an
open broad head. Leaves remain green until late fall. This is a highly variable species with over 40 known
cultivars. Leaves are obovate to obovate-oblong with 3 to 7 pairs of rounded lobes. They are dark green above
and pale bluish green beneath. The tree along the driveway by the Folly was selected by Lester Hawkins as part
of the original design. This is the tree of Robin Hood and the source of English oak. The specimen may be a
cultivar known as “fastigiata” as it is much more vertical than is typical.
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Rhus lancea
African Sumac; Willow Rhus
Map Location 10
Bed B (J-18), Bed E (U-10)
Family: Anacardiaceae
Origin: South Africa
Height: 8 m.
Slow growing tree with open, spreading habit, graceful weeping outer branchlets. Leaves
divided into 3 willow-like, dark green leaflets about 4 inches long. Pea-sized, yellow or red
berrylike fruit in clusters on female tree such as the one in the Garden. Popular tree in desert
areas because it can take high summer heat and is drought resistant when established. It will
also do well in lawns. Hardy to 12 degrees. Makes an attractive, airy tree with an interesting
branch pattern and dark red, rough bark
Rhus ovata
Sugar Bush
Map Location 71
Bed N (GG-16)
Family: Anacardiaceae
Origin: Calif. Native
Height: 5 m. (15 ft.)
Usually a large shrub, it may be a small tree. The specimen in the Garden reaches over 10 feet. It is evergreen
with simple ovate leaves about 3 in. long. The flowers are light yellow in short dense spikes, producing dark
red hairy fruits. Quite drought tolerant.
Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’
False Acacia
Map Location 11
Bed B (K-17)
Family: Fabaceae
Origin: Eastern US
Height: 25 m.
An ornamental tree with deeply furrowed brown bark, often planted for its fragrant flowers and deep shade.
The compound leaves are yellow in this cultivar and provide spectacular fall color and nice year round contrast
to the dark green foliage of the surrounding trees. Flowers are very fragrant and white, hanging in dense
racemes. Seedpods are 5-10 cm long and smooth.
Tabebuia chrysotricha
Family: Bignoniaceae
Golden Trumpet Tree
Origin: Columbia, Brazil
Map Location 4
Height: 16 m. (50 ft.)
North Fence (G-35, D-19, F-29)
This yellow-flowered member of the trumpet-vine family is a smaller and less vigorous tree than the pinkflowered species (T. impetiginosa.) Several specimens are planted along the driveway, opposite the Folly. The
flowers are larger and appear a month or so earlier than the pink one, usually completely finished by the time its
own leaves reappear and the other species begins to flower. Leaves are similar, but inclined to be covered with
brownish hairs as they open up in the spring. More likely to be damaged by temperatures in the low 20’s. Best
with some summer irrigation.
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Tabebuia impetiginosa ‘Pink Cloud’
NCN
Map Location 6
North Fence (E-25)
Family: Bignoniaceae
Origin: N. Mexico to Argentina
Height: 6 m. (20 ft.)
Deciduous tree on north side of drive, opposite the Folly. Extremely showy tree in flower in late April and
early May, when it is covered with clusters of pinkish-purple, trumpet-shaped flowers. Their yellow throats help
guide bees and hummingbirds to the nectar, then change to pink after the flowers have been pollinated. Loses
its leaves for only a short period just before flowering; leaves are palmately compound with 5 leaflets. Fruits
are bean-like pods typical of the family. Best adapted to interior climates with hot summers, but needs
protection from temperatures below about 24 degrees F. Likes good drainage, and is fairly drought tolerant
when well established. This specimen is the cultivar “Pink Cloud”.
Tamarix aphylla
Tamarisk
Map Location 88
Bed C
Family: Tamaricaceae
Origin: NE Africa & W Asia
Height: 10 m
Tall shrub or tree. The true leaves are tiny, but the slender green branchlets carry out photosynthesis. Very
tolerant of wind, drought and salty soils. It is invasive in some parts of the Southwest. Pale pink flowers on
terminal racemes to 6cm in spring.
Tilia tomentosa
Linden, Basswood
Map Location 13
Bed B (J-15)
Family: Tiliaceae
Origin: E. US
Height: 20 m
Straight trunk and dense, compact, narrow crown. Dull, dark green leaves 4-6 in. long, 3-4 in. wide, sometimes
larger, heart shaped. Loose clusters of fragrant yellowish-white flowers in June-July. You can smell the
delightful perfume of this tree all over the garden, and visitors often ask about the source of the scent when it
blooms. Provides deep shade, and in the fall the leaves turn yellow and make a spectacular pattern on the
ground.
Torreya californica
California Nutmeg-Yew
Map Location 91
Bed K
Family: Cephalotaxaceae
Origin: California
Height: 20 m
Evergreen coniferous tree with broad conic crown and pendulous shoots. Bark is red-brown in color and finely
scaling or shredding. Leaves in 2 sparse pectinate ranks (like the teeth of a comb), flattened and hard. Leaves
are fragrant when crushed.
Trithrinax campestris
NCN
Map Location 76
West Pool (W-21, U-21)
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: Argentina, Uruguay
Height: 3 m. (10 feet)
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
From the Greek tri, three and thrinax, trident; probably alluding to the leaf division; and campestris, growing in
the fields. The genus Trithrinax consists of about five species occurring in southern South America. Most
species grow in open habitats. They are solitary or clumping, with palmate fronds, either dark green or glaucous
gray.
T. campestris can be single or a multi-trunked compact clump approximately 10 feet in height when mature.
The rigid palmate fronds are generally gray-green and tipped with vicious terminal spines. The trunks are
covered with a woven web of what looks like heavy burlap embedded with a network of long spines. In spite of
their formidable armament, they are beautiful small palms, at least when viewed from a distance. T. campestris
is very rare in cultivation.
We have two specimens of T. campestris. One has silvery blue foliage and is multi-stemmed, while the other is
green and single-stemmed. Both produce creamy spikes of flowers each year in the fall.
Washingtonia filifera
California Fan Palm
Map Location 27
Bed 10 (O-22, O-23)
Family: Arecaceae
Origin: S. California
Height: 20 m. (60 ft.)
After George Washington, and filifera, bearing filaments or threads.
California’s only native palm, found in oases in the deserts of S California, western Arizona, and northern
Mexico. This is the tree that gave Palm Springs it name. The palms grow naturally in the southwestern desert,
usually in canyons near springs or water seeps. In the wild, they usually have a “skirt” of dead leaves hanging
from the top of the trunk; these are often cut off in cultivation. Slow growth, usually with very straight, thick
trunks, topped by an open mass of fan-shaped leaves 4-6’ across with filaments on the margins; petioles edged
with hooked spines. The threads implied in the species name are found between the leaf segments. White
flowers on 9-12’ narrowly branched clusters among the lower leaves in mid-summer, followed by tiny edible,
black oval fruits. W. filifera can attain 50’ or more in 30 years.
The genus Washingtonia contains only two species: the slender-trunked W. robusta (the Mexican fan palm), and
W. filifera. W. filifera is noted for its massive gray trunk, large crown of gray-green palmate fronds, and the
persistent petticoat of dead fronds that clothe the trunk, sometimes for decades. They are very cold hardy and
drought tolerant, and do well in all Mediterranean climates. They seem to suffer during periods of excessive
rainfall, which is more of a problem in the southeastern US than here in California. Fungal and bacterial
infections can attack the emerging spear and sometimes kill the tree if left unattended.
W. filifera and its close cousin W. robusta are the most commonly planted palms in California.
We have a grove of three mature W. filifera south of the plant sales house, and one seedling that is very small.
Yucca filifera
Spanish Bayonet/Palma China
Map Location 9
Yucca Flat (Q-26)
Family: Agavaceae
Origin: Mexico
Height: 9 m. (30 ft.)
Olive green sharp-tipped leaves, with pendulous panicles of cream-white flowers. Needs a sunny location with
well drained soil. Becomes quite large in time, and one of the few yuccas with pendulous flowers.
Yucca potosina
Palm Soapwort
Map Location 89
Family: Agavaceae
Origin: Mexico
Height: to 15 m.
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Trees of The Ruth Bancroft Garden
Bed B (I-16)
Closely related to Y. filifera, this tree yucca also has pendant clusters of creamy-white flowers. It is the tallest of
all yuccas, reaching heights of nearly 50 feet. It often remains single, though it may put out a few branches.
Native to San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Yucca treculeana
Family: Agavaceae
NCN
Origin: Texas and N Mexico
Map Location 44
Height: 7.5 m. (25 ft.)
Bed D (O-10), Bed L, Bed 1, Bed 2N
This large Yucca is normally the first to flower each year at the Ruth Bancroft Garden, coming into bloom in
March. The inflorescence of white flowers is especially dense and showy. It occurs in nature in southern Texas,
and also in northern Mexico.
Glossary of Terms
mallee – a eucalypt with several stems arising from a lignotuber
lignotuber – a swollen woody mass at the base of the stem and usually just below the soil surface, containing
numerous dormant buds
NCN – no common name
Bibliography
Bailey, Liberty Hyde and Bailey, Ethel Zoe. Hortus Third, New York, Macmillan Publishing Company 1976.
Dunmire, John, Sunset Western Garden Book, Menlo Park, Lane Magazine & Book Company, 1973.
Griffiths, Mark, The Royal Horticultural Society Index of Garden Plants, Portland, Timber Press, 1994.
Hickman, James, The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California, Berkeley, University of California Press 1993.
Kelly, Stan. Eucalypts Volume One. New Your, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1983.
Kelly, Stan. Eucalypts Volume Two. New Your, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1983.
Wilson, Ralph, Illustrated Fundamentals of Tree Identification, Pocatello, Idaho State
University, 1964.
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