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THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALISM AND
THE MARKET ECONOMY IN THE 19TH
CENTURY
The rise of industrialism in 19th century
America morphed the nation into a more
industrial society, and was accelerated by
transportation, immigration, and the need
for a market economy.
By: Mary Elizabeth Colton, Jack Masterson, Jack Allyn, and Caroline Deaton
Industrial Revolution
• In 1813: Boston Manufacturing Company
• In 1815: most work was still centered around the household
• In 1820: 2/3 of clothing worn by Americans were made by women
of the house
– “putting-out” system
• The biggest and most profitable mill was in Lowell Massachusetts
• In 1840: 63.4% of America was still in agriculture
– Technologies were invented to help farmers work faster
• Sarah Bagley founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association
of 1844
• In 1840: 63.4% of America was still in agriculture
– Technologies were invented to help farmers work faster
Lowell Mills
Transportation and
Communication
• Split into three major fields in the 1800
– Road
– River
• Steamboats
• Canals
– Railroad
Road
• 1790-1820’s- referred to as the turnpike era
• 1811-1838- National road
• Toll roads failed to meet the demand of low
cost transportation
Steamboats
• Flatboats
• John Fitch(1787)
• Robert Fulton(1807)
– Clermont
• The New Orleans
• The Enterprise
• Advantages
– Speed
– Cost
– 2 way commerce
• Negatives
– dangerous
Canals
• U.S needed some way to connect the
seaboard cities to the great lakes and Ohio
and Mississippi rivers.
• Solution= Canals
• 1820’s and 1830’s
• 1825- Erie Canal
Railroad
• 1830- Peter Cooper
• 1840’s and 1850’s railroads drove canals out of
business
• Passenger car- George Pullman 1859
• Railroad Stock
Railroad Map
Communication
• Telegraph-1844
• Post Office
• Newspaper- 1846
Telegraph
• Samuel F.B Morse-1844
• Made long distance communication
instantaneous
Post Office
• 1815-1830- 3,000 to 8,000 post offices
• John Mclean – (1823-1829)
Newspaper
• Richard Hoe- 1846- Printing Press
• Associated Press- 1846
• Led to sectional discord
Immigration
• 1820-1840 700,000 immigrants arrived in the
U.S.
• 1.5 million immigrants came from Ireland
between 1845-1855 to avoid the potato blight
• Ireland = largest source of immigration
– Remained in the Northeast
– Not accepted by American society
• Germany = 2nd largest source of immigration
U.S Immigration
Irish Immigration
• Immigrants were attracted to the promise of
economic opportunity.
• Immigrants provided cheap labor that
stimulated the market economy.
• In 1860 61.7% of the workforce was made up
by immigrants
• Irish immigrants were willing to work for less
and not as prone to protest bad working
conditions
Market Economy
• Transportations Effect on Market Economy
– Reduced costs & increased speed of shipping
– Steamboats reduced shipping costs
– Increased farm income and commercial
agriculture
– Technological advancements created a rise in
productivity
Staple Crops
• A transition from diversified farming to
regional concentration on staple crops.
– North’s staple crop = wheat
– South’s staple crop = cotton
– New Orleans was the marketing center for
western crops
Factory System
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Workforce in one location
Paid workers cash wages
Use of interchangeable parts
Manufactured by “continuous process”
Mass production
New Working Class
• Wage workers in factories
• Miners
• Construction workers
– CHANGE IN WORKFORCE:
• 12-14 hour work day
• In the 1830’s male workers were artisans and factory
work was done by women and children
• Immigrants made up most of workforce
Citations
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http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/19-century/railroads-1870.jpg
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/290213?terms=railroad
http://abudiphotography.com/wp-content/gallery/lowell-mills/lowellmills-2.jpg
http://strattonhouse.com/images/national_road_ohio.gif
http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/steamboat.html
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kobie/kobersteinstatus_files/image001.jpg
http://www.wrvmuseum.org/morsecode/images/samuel_morse_telegraph.jpg
http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg/100pxUnited_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office_Seal.svg.png
http://libtute.usq.edu.au/userfiles/image/newspaper.jpg
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~tasker/origins-graphics/immigration-usa.gif
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dgarvey/Garvey_us_census/Irish_to_US.jpg
http://www.darkforce.com/royce/factory1.gif
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/images/
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/
http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/connon/pics/11632_port_john_mclean_520.jpg
http://www.thegoldbrick.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/printing-press.jpg
Citations Continued
Brinkley, Alan. AP Acheiver. N.p.: McGraw Hill,
2007. Print
Gross, Brands Breen Williams. American Stories.
New Jersey: Pearson Education,
2009. Print.
Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God
Wrought. myilibrary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 9
Nov. 2010.
<http://lib.myilibrary.com/ProductDetail.aspx>.