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Hitler becomes Chancellor The short version Economic Crisis • 3rd October 1929- Stresemann died. This left Germany weak without one of its most able politicians. • October 1929- The Wall Street crash. • US loans to German industries were called in, leaving industries unable to function. Many closed down, and unemployment rose dramatically. • Wages were low • People began to turn on the Weimar Republic again • People looked to more extremist groups, like the Nazis and Communists The Political Crisis Short version - Muller replaced by Bruning Bruning rules by decree Hindenburg stops signing decrees Bruning replaced by Von Papen Nazi electoral success need his support Von Papen noconfidence vote Schleicher chancellor Von Papen wants office again Convinces Hindenburg to appoint Hitler chancellor and him VC The Depression Year 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 Unemployed 650 000 1 320 000 3 000 000 4 350 000 5 102 000 6 100 000 Depression • Muller’s coalition – fell apart March 1930 – couldn’t agree on how to finance national insurance for unemployment • Brüning appointed – manoeuvred in by conservative-nationalists • Plan – cut spending • Rejected by Reichstag – used Article 48 Chancellor Bruning-the Centre Party Remember the weakness of the Weimar Constitution-PR-He did not have a majority Had to rely on President Hindenburg-Article 48 §48! • Used to pass economic policy • Reichstag challenged the decree’s legality • Reichstag dissolved July 1930 New election September 1930 • • • • • 1928 – NS get 2.8% 1930 – NS get 18.3% DDP and DVP lost 20 seats SPD vote decreased KPD vote increased Brüning’s rule • Rule by decree ‘tolerated’ by SPD • 1930 – 5 decrees • 1932 – 66 decrees • Sitting days – 94 in 1930, 13 in 1932 • Did Brüning mind? – Ultra-conservative monarchist with little sympathy for republic – Wanted to weaken Reichstag and get authoritarian constitution The fall of Brüning • Economic policy led to reduced demand – slump worse • Mass rally Oct 31 to denounce Brüning • Wanted to turn Junker estates in to 600 000 allotments for unemployed workers • May 32 – Hindenburg stopped signing decrees Manoeuvring • Right wing conspiracy – group led by Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to force Brüning to resign in order to get a right wing govt Von Papen installed • Aristocratic, and Schleicher thought he could be influenced • New cabinet of landowners and industrialists • Wanted support of NSDAP • Hitler agreed if – The ban on SA and SS was ended – There were new elections Depression Bruning rules by Article 48 Hindenburg stops signing decrees Von Papen installed July 1932 • NSDAP 37.3%, 230 seats • DDP/DVP collapse – 2.2% of vote total • 84% turnout • Only 39.5% voted for democratic parties Violence! • July 1932 - 461 riots in Prussia • 10 July – 10 killed in NaziCommunist fighting Von Papen out • 12 Sept – Vote of No Confidence in Von Papen 512-42 • Reichstag dissolved • Hitler refuses to cooperate unless chancellor • Von Papen – plans martial law • Schleicher – convinces Hindenburg to get Papen to resign – didn’t have confidence of army Schleicher Chancellor • Aim – split left and right wings of NSDAP • Appointed Gregor Strasser vicechancellor • Hitler had loyalty of party leadership – forced Strasser to resign Nazis doing well in elections & violence No confidence vote in Von Papen Hitler refusing anything less than chancellorship Schleicher appoints Strasser VC Hitler forces Strasser to resign Final manoeuvring • Von Papen wants office again • Convinces Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor and he would be vice-chancellor – said Schleicher hadn’t brought stability • Said he could control Hitler 30 Jan 1933 Muller replaced by Bruning Bruning rules by decree Hindenburg stops signing decrees Bruning replaced by Von Papen Nazi electoral success - need his support Von Papen noconfidence vote Schleicher chancellor Von Papen wants office again Convinces Hindenburg to appoint Hitler chancellor and him VC Why did politics become more extreme? Communist & Nazis promise to take action Votes for the Nazis & Communist increase. Von Papen becomes Chancellor in 1932 No Action is taken to help the unemployed! Many Germans lose their faith in Democracy Papen is replaced by Schleicher later that year Politicians argue who should run Germany Votes for the Nazis & Communist increase. No Action is taken to help the unemployed http://www.authorstream. com/Presentation/cclayto n1-1588738-why-washitler-invited-tobecome-chancellor/
