Download The Progressives Confront Industrial Capitalism

The Progressives Confront
Industrial Capitalism
Progressivism
The Progressives
•Middle Class
•Nurture Over Nature
•‘Realistic Generation’
•Optimistic
Social and Economic Reformers – crusaded for better housing, cleaner
streets, improved sanitation, safer factories and more humane working
conditions and challenged unchecked power of giant corporations and
“trusts.” Not surprisingly, such reforms most often had working-class
support.
Cultural Reformers – campaigned against what they saw as immorality
and vice embodies in prostitution, gambling, and especially, drinking.
Less likely to enjoy support of working class.
Political Reformers – tried to rein in urban political machines and
political corruption. Sometimes they worked for expanded political
franchise (as in the movement for women’s suffrage), but at other times
they actually restricted voting rights (by backing literacy tests.)
The Social Justice Movement
• ‘Muckrakers’
• Working Women and Children
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National Child Labor Committee
Children’s Bureau in Department of Labor
Muller v. Oregon
Woman Suffrage
Birth Control Movement
• Home and School
• Anti-Vice Crusades
– Saloons
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union
• Anti-Saloon League
• 18th Amendment (Adopted in 1919, repealed in 1933)
• Movie Theaters
– D.W. Griffith, The Birth of a Nation (1915)
• Prostitution
The Worker in the Progressive Area
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Adjusting to Industrial Labor
– U.S. as Industrial Power
– Fordism
– Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
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Union Organizing
– American Federation of Labor (AFL)
– National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
– Organizing Female Workers
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Women’s Trade Union League
Garment Workers and the Triangle Fire
– New York City Garment Workers/Working Conditions
– 1909 Strike (ILGWU and WTUL)
– Fire at Triangle Shirtwaist Company
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Investigative Commission
State Legislation
Industrial Relations Commission (1912)
Women’s Suffrage
Radical Labor
– Industrial Workers of the World
Reform in the Cities and States
• Municipal Reformers
• City Beautiful Movement
• Reform in the States
– “Democratic” Laws
– Child/Female Labor Bills
– Robert La Follette, Wisconsin
Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal
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A Strong and Controversial President
Dealing with Trusts
Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drugs
– Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
– Meat Inspection Act, 1906
– Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
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Conservation and Preservation
– Roosevelt – National Forests, Newland Act, National Conservation Commission
– Gifford Pinchot
– John Muir
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Sierra Club
Yosemite National Park
Boy Scouts (1910)
Camp Fire Girls (1912)
Hetch-Hetchy Debate
William Howard Taft
The Election of 1912
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Woodrow Wilson – Democrat
William Howard Taft – Republican
Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive Party
Eugene V. Debs - Socialist
Progressivism for Whites Only
Progressive Contradiction
– Booker T. Washington
– W.E.B. Du Bois
– Niagara Movement
– NAACP
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Progressive Contradiction
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
The Niagara Movement
The National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP)
Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
• Tariff and Banking Reform
– Underwood Tariff
– 16th Amendment
– Federal Reserve system
• Wilson’s Limitations
• Moving Closer to a New Nationalism
– Clayton Act
– Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
• The Progressive Presidents
• The Limits of Progressivism