Download Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics

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Unit 5: Heredity and
Genetics
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Essential Questions
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How do cells grow and divide?
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How is genetic material passed from parent to offspring?
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What are the patterns of inheritance and how can this be
used to predict traits in offspring?
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What are the different variations in traits? How are these
variations inherited?
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What happens when something goes wrong with regards to
genetic traits?
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How can the rate of genetic traits inherited be calculated?
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What is DNA and what role does it have in our body?
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What are some current trends in DNA research?
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Day 1: Cell Division
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Required Readings:
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3.19
Learning Objectives:
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To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material
accurately
To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in cells
with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their
parent cells
To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis
To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals and
flowering plants
To understand the need for a special cell division in the formation
of haploid gametes
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Starter
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Create a KWL table for genetics and heredity
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Know
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Want to know
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Learned
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Fill in the “K” and “W” columns
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You will fill in the “L” column at the end of each lesson, and
can write any more questions that you may have from the
current lesson
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Time: 15 minutes
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Activity 1
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Watch the video on mitosis
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Write down questions you have while you are watching it
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Time: 25 minutes
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Activity 2
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Create a model using the pipe cleaners and yarn to show
what happens in the cell cycle
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Include the image as well as a written description for the
following phases:
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Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Time: 40 minutes
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Interphase
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Cell growth
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Synthesis of DNA
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Replication of organelles
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Prepares for mitosis
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Cell spends most of its time in interphase
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Prophase
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Chromosomes condense into 2 identical
chromatids, joined at the centromere
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Nuclear envelope begins to break down
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Spindles form at the centrioles
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Centrioles move to opposite ends of the
cell
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Metaphase
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Spindles attach to the centromere of the
chromosomes
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Chromosomes line up at the middle of the
cell
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Anaphase
- Individual chromosomes are pulled apart
and taken to opposite ends of the cell
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Telophase
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Nuclear envelope begins to form around
chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell
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Cell elongates and prepares for
cytokinesis
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Cytokinesis
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Cell pinches off in the middle to form 2
new identical daughter cells
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Literally means “splitting cytoplasm”
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Closing Activity and Homework
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Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any
other questions you may have in the “W” column
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Next lesson we will look at meiosis and comparing mitosis
with meiosis. Be sure to read over section 3.19 again
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Day 2: Cell Division (60 minutes)
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Required Readings:
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3.19
Learning Objectives:
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



To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material
accurately
To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in cells
with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their
parent cells
To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis
To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals and
flowering plants
To understand the need for a special cell division in the formation
of haploid gametes
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Starter
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What are the stages in mitosis and what happens in each
stage?
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When/why does mitosis occur?
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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What are the products of meiosis?
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Where do mitosis and meiosis occur?
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Time: 15 minutes
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Activity 1
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Create a diagram depicting what happens during meiosis
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Include a written explanation of what is happening
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Time: 30 minutes
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Activity 2
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Look at the picture on the following slide that compares
mitosis and meiosis
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What are some similarities between the two processes?
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What are some differences?
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Time: 10 minutes
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Closing and Homework
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Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any
other questions you may have in the “W” column
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Complete your meiosis diagram if not completed
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Day 3: Mendel
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Required reading:
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Supplemental text from wiki
Learning Objectives:
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To learn about Mendel’s experiments with garden pea plants
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To understand the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of
Segregation
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To predict the probability of genetic crosses using Punnett
squares
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Starter
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Take a look at the data that was collected from Mendel’s
experiments.
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What can you conclude with regards to the following:
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The ratio of traits in the offspring
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What trait is dominant? Recessive? How do you know?
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What different traits were studied?
Time: 15 minutes
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Activity 1
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Create a vocabulary square for each of the following words
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4 squares:
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Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Segregation
Trait
Inherited
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Phenotype
Genotype
Word
Definition (in your own words)
Picture
Sentence using the word
Time: 30 minutes
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Activity 2
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Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of genetic
traits in offspring
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The genotype is the genetic make up of the trait, and the
phenotype is the physical characteristic the trait produces
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Example – Flower colour
Genotype
Phenotype
Hetero/homozygous
PP
Purple flower
Homozygous
Pp
Purple flower
Heterozygous
Pp
White flower
Homozygous
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Activity 2 (cont’d)
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Construct a Punnett square to show the possible outcomes for
the following crosses:
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PP x pp
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Pp x pp
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Pp x Pp
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What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?
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What are the phenotypic ratios for the offspring?
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Time: 15 minutes
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Activity 3
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Complete the “Albinism” and “Coin Toss” activities in the
Genetics packet
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Time: 20 minutes
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Closing and Homework
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Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any
other questions you may have in the “W” column
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Mendel’s data
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Day 4: Patterns of Inheritance
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Day 5: Variation and Inheritance
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Day 6: Inheritance and
Karyotyping (60 minutes)
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Day 7: Human Genetic Traits
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Day 8: Inherited Medical
Conditions
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Day 9: X & Y Chromosomes
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Day 10: DNA
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Day 11: DNA (60 minutes)
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Day 12: Test