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Heterotroph
Visual
Definition
”An organism that obtains organic food
molecules by eating other organisms or
substances derived from them”
The visual to the left is showing an adorable chipmunk, a
heterotroph, eating corn, an autotroph, to gain the energy it needs
for the daily activities. The visual to the right is showing a typical
food chain, as one fish gains its energy from one who gain its from
another and so on.(Left pic found here, Right pic by me)
Origin/Analogy
“hetero” means different or other
“troph” for nutrient matter
Analogy:
America is like a heterotroph because both gain resources
and energy from those around
them. Just like the heterotrophs,
the US imports its basic needs
to be able to export higher level
economic activities.
Heterotrophs are organisms that gain their
energy by eating other organisms. They do not
make their own energy.
3 More Details:
1. Some plants, such as the pitcher plants, are
heterotrophs, as they do not use photosynthesis
to create ATP (Found here)
2. Heterotrophs are also known as consumers, as
they consume other organisms (Found here)
3. Heterotrophs are completely dependent on
autotrophs for energy. If all the photosynthetic
organisms on earth just disappeared, there
would be no energy to be consumed. (Found here)
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Visual
Definition
Cellular respiration is the catabolic pathways of
aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break
down organic molecules and use an electron
transport chain for the production of ATP.
This picture depicts mitochondria with the
reactants of oxygen and glucose undergoing
cellular respiration to produce both carbon dioxide
and ATP energy for the cell. (Picture drawn by me.)
Origin/Analogy
“cella” Latin meaning small store room (cell)
“respirare” to breathe out
Analogy: Cellular Respiration is much like our own
breathing pattern. We as humans breathe in oxygen
(Cellular respiration takes oxygen) and exhale carbon
dioxide (while Cellular Respiration “breathes out” carbon
dioxide and ATP energy for the cell.)
Cellular Respiration is the cell’s process of breaking
down organic molecules like sugar from food with
or without oxygen, using the electron
transportation membrane in the mitochondria to
convert the electrons from molecules into ATP
energy with bi-products like carbon dioxide.
3 More
Details:
1. Cellular Respiration takes place in the
mitochondria of an organism’s cells. (Ch. 9,
page 163)
2. Cellular Respiration uses the oxygen and
organic molecules produced from
photosynthesis to produce carbon dioxide
and water in turn for photosynthesis. (Ch. 9,
page 163)
3. Used to describe both anaerobic (without
air) and aerobic (with air) respirations as
the general process of creating ATP short-
Reactants
Visual
Definition
a substance that takes part in and undergoes
change during a reaction.
Reactants are normally seen as the experiment,
What is happening to the substance?
In the picture above on the left we see the reactant. The NH3 and
HCI are about to undergo a change in the original substance. Which
will then lead to a new product.
Origin/Analogy
First used in 1920 by Circa
Analogy:
A reactant is like cooking material. You have the flour, eggs,
sugar, and chocolate. When you mix them together they
undergo a change in the oven.
3 More Details:
1. Reactants are used in every chemical
change.
2. Reactants must change when they undergo
a chemical reaction.
3. A reactant must be combined or go
through change to then become a product.
Products
Visual
Definition
Product is the final reaction of a substance that
has changed into its final product.
A product is the result of two reaction that have
changed to create a new final product.
In the above picture 2H20 is the product of 2H2 and O2 that have
undergone a reaction and created 2H20
Origin/Analogy
Product come from the word Latin word producere
meaning bring forth/something produced
Analogy:
When you mix strawberry and kiwi you get the juicy flavor
of strawberry kewi giving off your final product of a new
mixed flavor.
3 More Details:
1. Products are made up two or more
substance.
2. The product of a reactants have undergone
some type of chemical reaction.
3. A product can not be reversed back to its
original reactants.
Metabolism
Visual
The picture above shows the use of enzymes and ATP and other
energy resources show they all flow through the metabolism.
Origin/Analogy
From the Greek word “metabole” to mean change
Analogy:
The computer processor is and example on how everything
runs through its central location to regulate how every
energy source should be processed for maximum usage.
Definition
The complex of physical and chemical
processes occurring within a living cell or
organism that are necessary for the
maintenance of life. In metabolism some
substances are broken down to yield energy for
vital processes while other substances,
necessary for life, are synthesized.
The processing for an organism to break down
energy.
3 More Details:
1. 'Metabolism,' refers to the entire range of
biochemical processes that happen within
a person or living organism
2. Controls energy resources and processes
them quickly.
3. Some people can have high or low
metabolism.
ATP
Picture
Definition
ATP is a molecule used to store energy in
the short term in living organisms. It is
an end product of energy production
processes of aerobic respiration,
anaerobic glycolysis, and fermentation.
The molecule pictured above is adenosine
triphosphate, also known as ATP.
Origin/Analogy
ATP is a shortened version of adenosine
triphosphate, because the molecule contains
three phosphate groups, an adenine and a
ribose.
Analogy: ATP molecules are like small
batteries. They are used to store energy, but it
is intended for storage only in the short term,
and cannot provide more energy without
more chemical input.
3 Other Details
1.
ATP is used as a form of energy storage
in every living organism.
2.
ATP used by organisms for energy is
produced during ATP synthase, the last
stage in aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
3.
The highest yield of ATP is produced
through the process of aerobic
respiration.
Autotrophs
Visual
Definition
An organism that produces its own food
from inorganic matter
These are organisms like plants because
they do not require food from a living
source in order to produce energy
The visual is displaying a plant as an autotroph because a plant
produces its own food and energy instead of requiring an actual food
source like a human
Origin/Analogy
“Auto” means self
“Troph” means nutrients
Analogy:
A polypeptide is like a row of people in the game Red
Rover. Each person represents an amino acid and their
holding hands represents the peptide bonds between
them.
3 More Details:
1. Autotrophs also include bacteria and
algae
2. They support the Earths ecological food
chain
3. Some autotrophs do not use
photosynthesis to create food energy.
They use chemosynthesis which is when
a plant makes food using chemicals
instead of light
Photosynthesis
Visual
Definition
A process used by plants and other organisms to
transform light energy into chemical energy
which is used to fuel the organisms activities
This visual is showing the process of photosynthesis and how it
produces many different electron acceptors as well as different
energy sorces
Origin/Analogy
“Photo” means light
“Synthesis” means to create
Analogy:
Photosynthesis is like going to the grocery store and buying
food to keep in the cabinet. Food is stored like energy
Photosynthesis is a complex process which
occurs in plants and some other organisms in
which light energy is used to create fuel for the
organism
3 More Details:
1. Mostly takes place in the mesophyll of the
chloroplasts
2. Oxygen is one of many bi-products of the
photosynthesis process
3. Photosynthesis is effected by light intensity,
temperature, light wave length and carbon
dioxide levels
Stomata
Visual
Definition
Tiny openings in the epidermis of a plant which
gases and water vapor enter through
The visual is showing how the stomata consists of many parts,
including the guard cell and cell wall, to help prevent any unwanted
organisms from entering the plant
Origin/Analogy
“Stoma” means mouth
Analogy:
The stomata is like a screen on an open window. Certain
things can come in and come out.
Stomata is the plural form of “Stoma” which is
the small opening of a plant in which CO2 and
water vapor can enter the plant and begin the
process of photosynthesis
3 More Details:
1. They consist of two special cells called
guard cells which protect the opening
2. They are formed under the early stages of
development of a plant and reflect the
environmental conditions of that time
3. Typically, there are 100 to 1000 stomata
per square millimeter on a plant leaf
Chlorophyll
Visual
Definition
A green pigment, present in all green plants
and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the
absorption of light to provide energy for
photosynthesis.
The picture to the left is showing chlorophyll organelles inside
plant cells through a microscope. The right picture is showing
the internal structures of the chlorophyll organelle itself.
(Right and Left picture found here.
Origin/Analogy
3 More Details:
1.
Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid sacs of the
chloroplast . (Light Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis Reading
questions)
2.
Analogy:
A chloroplast is like a solar panel on a car. The solar panel
absorbs the solar energy that the car converts into electric
energy to run just like chlorophyll absorbs solar energy to
convert into energy needed for photosynthesis. (Picture
found here)
3.
When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light energy, it
becomes an excited state, which allows the initial chain
reaction of photosynthesis to occur. (photosynthesis notes)
Chlorophyll’s molecular structure is similar to that of
hemoglobin which is a critical part of human blood. Due
to this unique quality, liquid chlorophyll performs the
same function in the body as the hemoglobin. (Here)