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Transcript
WARM-UP

#21
FEB. 9
The western part of California is located on a
boundary between two tectonic plates. Would
most of the metamorphic rock in that occur in
small patches or wide regions? How do you
know?
Chapter 3
ROCKS
ROCKS
A rock is any solid mass of mineral or minerallike matter that occurs naturally as part of our
planet.
 There are 3 major type:

 Igneous
 Sedimentary
 Metamorphic
THE ROCK CYCLE
Shows the relationship among the three rock
types .
 Proposed by James Hutton in the late 1700s.
 Interactions among Earth’s water, air, land, and
living things can cause rocks to change from
one form to another
 The continuous processes that cause rock to
change make up the rock cycle

THE ROCK CYCLE

Magma – molten material that forms deep
beneath Earth’s surface
 Cools
and hardens as the result of volcanic
eruption

Igneous rocks form
 Undergo

weathering form Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks in time morph into
metamorphic rocks
WEATHERING
Process in which rocks are physically and
chemically broken down
 What types of things do this?

 Water
 Air
 Living

things
Weathered materials are called sediments
ROCK CYCLE
The full rock cycle doesn’t always have to
happen.
 Sedimentary rock can melt.
 Igneous rock can morph.
 Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks can be
weathered.

DOES THAT ROCK HAVE A FUTURE?
http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com
 Login, quick launch # is 71
 Read the introduction pages
 Reseach and respond to the questions
provided.
 Do this on a separate sheet of paper

WARM-UP
#19
FEB. 7
Texture and composition are two characteristics used
to classify igneous rock

Texture




Coarse-grained
Fine-grained
Glassy
Porphyritic

Composition



Granitic
Basaltic
Andesitic
ROCKS

Rocks are considered the building blocks of the
Earth

Rock is defined as a group of minerals bound
together in some way

There are three types
TYPES

Igneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentary
IGNEOUS

Igneous rocks form from magma

Magma comes in different types
Felsic
 Mafic


There are 2 types of igneous
rocks
Intrusive
 Extrusive

FELSIC MAGMA
 High
in silicates
 Light in color
 Typically forms at the top of a magma
chamber
MAFIC MAGMA
Low in silicates
 Higher in magnesium and iron
 Dark colored
 Typically forms at the bottom of the magma
chamber

INTRUSIVE
Form underneath the Earth’s surface as
magma cools and solidifies
 These rocks tend to have visible mineral
crystals because of the slow cooling

COMMON INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

Granite

Diorite

Rhyolite
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
Forms outside Earth’s crust
 Cools quickly
 Very few mineral crystals are visible

COMMON EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

Obsidian

Pumice

Basalt
DICHOTOMOUS KEY FOR IGNEOUS ROCKS
Are your rock grains sandsized or smaller?
Yes
No
Does your rock
contain quartz?
Yes
Yes
Does your rock look
like black glass?
Obsidian
No
Granite
No
Yes
Is your rock mostly
dark colored?
Yes
Basalt
Gabbro
No
Diorite
Will your rock float on water?
No
Does your rock contain quartz?
Yes
Rhyolite
No
Andesite
WARM-UP
#20

How do igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks differ?

What powers Earth’s rock cycle?
FEB. 8
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
All sedimentary rocks start as small pieces
called sediment
 Sediment is then compacted and cemented
into rocks

FORMATION
Weathering is usually the first step in the
formation
 Chemical weathering takes place when
minerals in rocks change into new substances
 Physical weathering takes place when minerals
or rocks just break into smaller pieces

FORMATION
Sediment doesn’t usually stay in one place
 It is moved by water, wind, ice, gravity
 Erosion – weathering and removal
 When the agent of erosion loses power or
energy, it drops the sediment

FORMATION
Compaction – process that squeezes
sediments
 Cementation takes place when dissolved
minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces
among sediments

CLASSIFICATION
 Two
main categories
Clastic
Chemical
CLASTIC
Made by weathered bits of rocks and minerals
 Then grouped by size of the sediment

 Conglomerate
– large rounded particles
 Breccia – angular pieces
 Sandstone – pieces the size of sand
 Shale – very fine-grained sediment
 Siltstone – another fine-grained category
CHEMICAL

Formed when dissolved minerals precipitate
from water solutions
 Limestone
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 Formed
when rocks and minerals undergo
changes caused by heat, pressure and
chemical fluids.
METAMORPHISM

Contact metamorphism
 Hot
magma moves into rocks
 Brings minor changes
 Marble often forms from this

Regional metamorphism
 Large-scale
deformation and high-grade
metamorphism
 May occur during mountain building
AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM

Heat – MOST IMPORTANT
 Provides
energy to drive a reaction
 Comes from magma and change in temp. with
depth

Pressure – increases with depth
 Cause
rock to flow
 Hydrothermal solutions
CLASSIFICATION - TEXTURE
 Foliated
 More
compact
 More dense
 Nonfoliated
 Doesn’t
have a banded texture
 Contains only one mineral

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/
TICKET OUT THE DOOR
1.
2.
Draw a quick sketch of the rock cycle.
What types of things cause weathering
and erosion