Download Ch.7 Sec. 4 Napoleons Empire Collapses

Napoleon’s
Empire
Collapses
Ch.7 Sec. 4
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
2
1.
2.
 In
Goals
Extend the French Empire
Crush Great Britain
his efforts to achieve those goals, Napoleon
made three disastrous mistakes
1st Mistake
 Continental



System
1806- Blockade of all ports to prevent
trade/communication between Great Britain & other
European nations
Intent was to make Europe more self-sufficient
Destroy GB’s commercial & industrial economy
 Failures

Blockade was ineffective as goods were smuggled in
& out of GB
 British


Blockade
British Navy was effective in their attempt
French & European economy began to grow weak
2nd Mistake
 Peninsular



Attempt to get Portugal to accept Continental
System
Sent an invasion force through Spain
Spanish people & King (Napoleon’s brother) did not
like this
 Resistance




War
of Spanish
Felt French invasion may harm Catholic Church
Guerillas (peasants) fought French for 6 years
GB aided the Spanish
Napoleon lost nearly 300,000 soldiers
 Conquered
peoples (Germans/Italians) began to
turn against the French
3rd Mistake




1812- Napoleon’s most disastrous mistake
Alexander I (Russian Czar) was napoleons ally but
refused to stop selling to GB
French/Russian suspected each other of trying to take
Poland
Napoleon Invades Russia




Starts campaign June of 1812
More than 420,000 soldiers (THE GRAND ARMY)
As French advanced, Alexander pulled his troops back
from an unequal battle
Scorched-earth policy

As Russians retreated they burned their fields and killed
livestock, leaving nothing for the French to eat
3rd mistake cont’d
 Battle
of Borodino
 Russians
retreat allowing Napoleon to capture
Moscow (capital)
 Napoleon reaches Moscow 7 days later to find it
in flames
 Alexander refused to surrender “Holy City” to
French so he destroyed it
 Napoleon stayed until October before turning
home
3rd Mistake Cont’d
 Retreat
 November-December
 Temperature
drops & low on supplies
 Russians attack French
 Troops die from attacks, wounds, exhaustion,
hunger & cold
 Made It out of Russia in Dec
 Only 10,000 remained from the 420,000 original
Review Questions
 Which
of the following was a goal of
Napoleon before his empire collapsed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Extend the French Empire
Crush Great Britain
Revive the democratic spirit of France
Both A & B
Review Questions
 Which
of the following was a cause of
Napoleon’s collapse?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Continental System
Peninsular War
Invasion of Russia
All of the above
Review Questions
 TRUE
or False. Napoleon’s continental
system was ineffective because of
European smugglers, Great Britain’s navy,
and French allies didn’t enforce the
blockade
A.
B.
True
False
Review Questions
 Who
did Napoleon replace the Spanish
King with?
A.
B.
C.
D.
His Brother
His best general
His Queen
None of the above
Review Questions
 How
many soldiers out of the GRAND
ARMY survived the campaign in Russia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
400,000
100,000
20,000
10,000
Napoleon’s downfall


Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, & Austria all joined
forces against Napoleon’s weakened empire
Napoleon assembled a untrained army to fight at the
Battle of Leipzig (Germany)




Suffered a quick defeat
Prussia & Russia had a victory parade through Paris
Napoleon accepted surrender unwillingly
Accepted a small amount of money and was exiled
(banished) to Elba, small island off Italy’s coast under
guard
Emperor Again
 Louis




18th became king of France
Very unpopular in France
Napoleon escaped from Elba
Thousands rallied behind him
Within days he was Emperor of France again
 Battle





of Waterloo
Duke of Wellington- British commander
Assembled an army in Waterloo, Belgium
Napoleon attacked
British held their ground until Prussians arrived
2 days later Napoleons troops gave up
Exiled Again
 Hundred
days- Napoleon’s last bid for
power
 British exiled him to St. Helena- island in
South Atlantic
 Lived for 6 years
 Know as one of the best government
administrators and military leaders in
world history