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Rise of the Dictators Great Depression and World War II Unit Essential Question What events led to the rise of dictators in Germany and Italy? Key Vocabulary Mein Kampf- Hitler’s autobiography that promotes his beliefs and goals for Germany Totalitarianism- System of government where the government has control over all aspects of people’s lives Fascism- System of government that promotes extreme nationalism, denial of individual rights, and one-party rule Appeasement- The act of giving in to an aggressor in order to keep peace Warm Up Based on the political cartoon what can be inferred about Hitler’s control over the German people? Setting the Stage As nations throughout the world struggle to overcome the Great Depression, some people lost faith in democracy and turned to fascism. Facism Fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing a strong government. Leaders promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times, and restore order. This message attracted many people Ruled by dictators Government controls all aspects of life Usually gain/keep power through use of force Against Democracy & Marxism Denied individual rights Weak and inefficient to solve economic problems and prevent communism Nationalism State is supreme Advocate Imperialism and War Believed peaceful nations were waiting to be conquered Assessment Prompt 1 In one sentence, describe what fascism is. The Rise of the Dictators ITALY AND GERMANY ADOPT DICTATORIAL REGIMES TO SOLVE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND TO RESTORE NATIONAL PRIDE A TOTALITARIAN STATE IS A GOVERNMENT THAT AIMS TO CONTROL THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL LIVES OF CITIZENS Fascism in Italy Italy was mad that they didn’t get more from the Treaty of Versailles Italy was also struggling economically and wanted a leader to take action Benito Mussolini revived Italy’s economy and rebuilt its armed forces. Mussolini grew in popularity. Acquired colonies The government was turned into a totalitarian dictatorship with Mussolini as the leader (IL DUCE). When Mussolini takes control he uses secret police and censorship to maintain power Government regulated all aspects of business including productions/prices. Government set wages, working conditions, and prohibited strikes. The Rise of Adolf Hitler A High School dropout and failed artist, joins German Army in WWI. In 1921, he becomes leader of a tiny political group who wants to overturn the Versailles Treaty. Inspired by Mussolini, the Nazi’s try to seize power. Failed and Hitler ends up in prison. “Mein Kampf” Writes while in prison, it set forth his beliefs and goals for Germany Believes that Germans, or “Aryans”, were a master race and everyone else was inferior Vows to regain lost land to Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum Germany is overcrowded and needs more living space Most Germans ignored Hitler until the Great Depression. Frightened, Germans now turned to Hitler, hoping for security and firm leadership. Hitler Becomes Chancellor The Nazi’s are the largest political party by 1932 The Nazi’s convince President Hindenburg to name Hitler Chancellor Hitler comes to power legally and the Nazi’s take control of Parliament Hitler created a totalitarian state. The SS and Gestapo were secret police that murdered hundreds of his enemies. Banned all other political parties. Took over the economy and put millions to work. Practiced censorship and propaganda techniques. Indoctrination of youth. The Nazi State The Nazis blamed all their problems on the Jews. Led to anti-Semitism across Germany. Passed laws depriving Jews of most of their rights. Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass. Killed about 100 Jews. Destroyed thousands of Jewish owned buildings. Assessment Prompt 2 Fascism Totalitarianism Militarism in Japan When the Great Depression struck, military leaders take control of the country. Made Emperor Hirohito the head of state power. Wanted to solve the country’s economic problems through foreign expansion. Would provide Japan with raw materials and markets for its goods. Give Japan room for its rising population. Japan invades Manchuria in 1931. The League of Nations does nothing to stop this. Japan then invades all of China. Chinese Nationalists and Communists fight against the Japanese. The Japanese kill thousands. European Aggressors on the March Democratic Nations Try to Preserve Peace Hip Hughes History Watch the following video and answer the following questions. What does Hughes say is the difference between fascism and communism? List the steps Hughes says allowed Mussolini to take power. Who are the Black Shirts and the OVRA? What do they do? What is the Beer Hall Putsch and how does it aid Adolf Hitler? What does Hughes say the significance of “Mein Kamphf” is? What does being made Chancellor allow Hitler to do? What are the Enabling Acts? What are the Nuremberg Laws? What is the significance of Kristallnacht? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t QlMtoDp8ks Watch the following video and answer the following questions. What does Hughes say is the difference between fascism and communism? List the steps Hughes says allowed Mussolini to take power. Who are the Black Shirts and the OVRA? What do they do? What is the Beer Hall Putsch and how does it aid Adolf Hitler? What does Hughes say the significance of “Mein Kamphf” is? What does being made Chancellor allow Hitler to do? What are the Enabling Acts? What are the Nuremberg Laws? What is the significance of Kristallnacht? Graphic Organizer/Assessment Prompt 4 Journal Answer the EQ: What events led to the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy? Consider the following: What is Fascism? Why were Mussolini and Hitler able to gain and keep power? Why was it beneficial for Hitler to indoctrinate the youth? Why does Hitler want to reclaim lands lost in the Treaty of Versailles? Why does Japan practice a policy of Imperialism? How did the policy of appeasement lead to WWII?