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Road to the Civil War
WHAT FACTORS THAT LEAD TO THE CIVIL
WAR
Vocabulary
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Missouri Compromise
Abolitionist
Manifest Destiny
Popular Sovereignty
Compromise of 1850
Annexes
Secedes
Dred Scott
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas Nebraska Act
Slave code
Transportation: Establishes and the Development of
the Northern States and Southern States
The North had better transportation and
most of the industry in the country.
The South was mainly agricultural. Slavery
was a major factor in being agriculturally
successful. Slavery was seen by the South as
essential to a good economy.
Transportation and Invention Revolutions impact
on the UNITED STATES
NORTHEAST  Industrial, more
Railroads
SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery becomes
vital
WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket
How did the two factors lead to the Civil War
Industrial Revolution:
How it cause the North
and South develop
differently
Factories grew in the North
Due to:
New inventions
New forms of transportation,
(railroads, steam engines,
farming equipment)
Cities grow (urbanization),as
immigrants come to northern
cities for factory jobs..
Settling the West:
To allow slavery or not?
Missouri Compromise:
The first time the issue of whether
slavery should be contained in
present states or allowed in other
areas of the United States
Growing Division in the Country
North
South
 Industrialization
 Agriculture
 Railroads
 Cotton
 Telegraph
 Tenant Farmers
 Trade Unions
 Plantations
 Immigration
 Slavery
How the Cotton
Gin
Impacted the
South
The Cotton Gin
made Slavery very
profitable!
Especially for the
“Cotton Kingdom”,
or owners of large
plantations.
Resistance to Slavery: among the slaves
and Northerners who wanted to abolish
slavery, called Abolitionists.
Western Areas decide….slavery or not?
 As people moved west and
populated areas, these areas
became states. Each state had to
decide if they would allow slavery
or not.
 1819 there were 11 slave states and
11 free states. Missouri applied for
statehood, would upset the
balance. Missouri Compromised,
Maine admitted as free, Missouri
as slave.
The compromise
provided that the
Louisiana Territory
north of the southern
border of Missouri
would be free of
slavery.
Missouri
Compromise
Two different
perspectives
On the Missouri
Compromise
White southerners were not happy that congress had given itself
the power to make laws regarding slavery.
Northerners were angry that Congress had allowed slavery to
expand into another state
The beginning of the country dividing
Mexico wins independence from
Spain. 1821
Gov. of Mexico gives land grant to
Moses Austin, US citizen. 1820’s
1000’s Americans flood into Texas.
1820-30’s
Texans in conflict with Mexican
gov.
Texans go to war with Mexico. 1835
Texans defeat Mexico, become
separate Republic. 1836
US Government Annexes Texas to
become a state. 1844
Mexico declares war on US for
annexing Texas! 1845
Mexico loses and US acquires
California, New Mexico,Arizonia
and more! 1848
Manifest Destiny a term for the
attitude during the period of
American expansion(1800’s)
that the United States not only
could, but was destined to,
stretch from coast to coast.
When United States wins the war with Mexico
and gain the new territory from Mexico the
United States were confronted again with
whether the new territories should allow slavery?
California Gold
Rush
James Marshall discovers
gold January 1848
By 1849 there was a rush to
California by thousands from
all over the world to come and
find their fortune!
So many came and settled, the
people of California petitioned
the US government to become
a FREE state!!!!!
THIS LEADS TO CONFLICT
Gold Rush
Prospectors
Hoping to strike it
RICH!!!!!!!!!!
Missouri Compromise
Kept the peace for
30 years
Six new states joined
the Union – 3 slave
and 3 free….still
equal in number
AND THEN 1849
California petitions
to be a “Free” state.
This would upset the
balance between
free and slave
states!!!!!!!!!!
Congress comes up
with the
Compromise of
1850
What the North Gets:
California is a free state
Slave trade banned in Washington DC
What the South Gets:
Congress has no power to regulate slave trade between slave states.
Popular Sovereignty in new territories to decide slavery S
Fugitive Slave act: the seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped
from one state into another or into a federal territory
What about the
Compromise of 1850
really pulled the two sides
apart?
Fugitive Slave Law:
1. Government officials
can arrest any person
accused of being a
runaway.
2. No right to trial.
3. Guilty of being a
runaway is only based on
a white witness who
swears the suspect is the
slave owners property!
Many northerners and abolitionists RESENTED
having to return runaway slaves when it went
against their conscience.
Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850
Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811–1896)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852
Story of a slave owner
selling his slaves , and
how one of the slaves to
be sold is taken by his
mother to run away to the
North.
Sold 300,000 copies in
the first year.
Northerners are shocked,
and convinced slavery not
just a political conflict,
but now a moral one
South it was propaganda
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Tensions about Slavery are increasing in intensity
in the country
 Northerners are appalled at the slave conditions described in Uncle
Toms Cabin and the conditions in the Fugitive slave act.
 Southerners are more a more seeing slavery as a personal and states
right issue that the government has no right interfering with.
Kansas Nebraska Act only increases tensions.
In this new territory the slavery issue decided by popular sovereignty
caused increase tensions, leading to violence and death.
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Nebraska and Kansas territories slavery is decided by Popular Sovereignty.
This undoes Missouri Compromise where slavery wasn’t allowed above the 36 parallel
Result of
the KansasNebraska
Act:
Pro slavery forces
and Anti slavery
forces pore into
these areas to win
the vote on slavery
in those territories.
Bleeding Kansas: Pro and Anti
forces result in violence, and
death!
Bleeding Kansas: Violence Errupts
 Elections Held: The results
were corrupted.
 Pro slavery and anti-slavery
groups are armed and
attacking each other.
Settlers are killed
 Fighting also impacts the
Senate.
 Massachusetts Gov,
Sumner gives anti slavery
speech!!!
 Nephew of southern
Senator, enters Senate and
beats Sumner with his cane
on the Senate floor.
Sumner never completely
recovers from his injuries.
Dred Scott Decision 1857
Dred Scott, a slave went to
Supreme Court claimed
because he lived in free
areas with his master, he
was legally free because in
those areas slavery is
illegal.
Court decides Scott is not
free for 2 reasons:
1. Scott had no right to sue
for his freedom because he
was not a legal citizen.
2. Slaves were property so
whether you live in free
area or slave you would
always be a slave.
Dread
Scott
Decision
1857
North
including
Abraham
Lincoln hate
the ruling
South loved ruling
Abraham Lincoln runs for President of the United
States in the 1860 election
South says Lincoln get elected states will secede from the
Union
Lincoln runs for President verses Stephen Douglas
 Opposes Kansas-
Nebraska act…Popular
Sovereignty
 Lincoln against spread
of slavery
 Southerners see
Lincoln as a
abolitionist
 For Popular
Sovereignty. Each area
decide for themselves if
they want slavery.
Lincoln is Elected
SOUTH CAROLINA
SECEDES FROM THE
UNION OF THE
UNITED STATES
WAR BEGINS
North Carolina
 North Carolina was a slave state, great concentration
along the coast.
 Slave Codes defined the social economic and physical life
for slaves.
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They lacked freedom of movement
Not allowed to read or write
Freed Blacks: free but experienced prejudice
North Carolina Supported the Mexican American war
Last state to vote to sucede from the Union