Download Animalia Part 1: Invertebrates

Intro to
• Introduction
• Organisms in the kingdom Animalia are first
divided on whether they have a backbone or
not.
• Invertebrates are animals that DO NOT have a
backbone.
• Vertebrates have a backbone.
Skeletal System
• Exoskeleton: A type of skeleton that
surrounds tissue and is made of Chitin.
(external)
• Endoskeleton: a type of skeleton that is
surrounded by tissue. (internal)
• hydrostatic skeleton -A fluid filled cavity.
– Jellyfish, squid and octopi
Digestive system
• The digestive system- involved in chewing and
digesting feed.
• Gastrovascular cavity: Food in- waste out
Nervous System
• Can be either simple or complex
• The nervous system is used to carry messages
throughout the body.
• Made of specialized nerve cells.
• Cephalization- the sensory organs are in the
head region.
Respiratory System
• An animals respiratory system is used to
exchange O₂ and CO₂.
• They will either have lungs or gills.
Circulatory System
• Main goal is to transport gases and nutrients
throughout the blood stream.
– Open circulatory system – There are no blood
vessels and the blood runs freely
– Closed circulatory system- Contains blood vessels
and blood does not run freely.
Reproductive System
• Either asexual or sexual.
• Dioecious – one sex or the other
• Hermaphrodite- having sex organs of both
gender
• Budding- involves only one parent where
offspring grow off of the parent.
Body Plans
• Levels of organization
– cells- tissues- organs- organ system- organism
– Tissues- are groups of similar cells working together
to perform a specific function.
– Organs- are groups of similar tissues working together
to perform a specific function.
– Organ system- similar organs working together to
perform a certain function.
Symmetry
• There are 3 kinds of symmetry:
• Radial symmetry- Divided by top and bottom.
• Bilateral symmetry- Divided into mirror
images; left and right.
• Asymmetry- Cannot be divided into similar
pieces.
Body Plans
• 1. Acoelomate- no
cavity exists.
• 2. Pseudocoelomate- A
cavity exists, but it is
not around the gut.
• 3. Coelomate- the
cavity is lined both on
the inside of the body
wall and around the
gut.
Body Plans
• Segmentation is a series of repeating units in
the body.
• Jointed Appendages- Allows them to perform
complex movement.
Invertebrates
Phylum
Porifera
• Sponges.
• They do not have organs.
• They can reproduce
sexually or asexually.
• Adult sponges are sessile;
meaning they DO NOT
move.
• Larval sponges are
motile; meaning they DO
move.
Phylum Cnidaria
• Jellies, sea anemones and corals.
• Jellies contain special cells called nematocysts
that are used for defense and obtaining food.
• Reproduce sexually.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms.
• Can reproduce
asexually and sexually.
• Flatworms are
hermaphroditic they
have both male and
female reproductive
organs.
• Flukes can lay eggs in
the body can cause
irritation and scar
tissue.
Phylum Nematoda
• These are roundworms.
• Roundworms can live anywhere and are
dioecious-they have either male or female
sexual organism, but not both.
• Trichinella can cause trichinosis.
Phylum Annelida
• Earthworms.
• Their waste is called castings which provide
nourishment to the soil.
• Hermaphrodites.
• Body made of sections.
Phylum
Mollusca
• Clams, Oysters, squid,
octopus and snails.
• They have soft bodies,
and some have shells
• Reproduce by gametes.
Phylum Echinodermata
• Sea Stars and Sea Urchins
• Reproduce sexually and are capable of
regeneration.
• Can turn its stomach inside out.
Phylum Arthropoda
• Crustaceans, arachnids and insects
• These animals have a hard outer covering
called an exoskeleton.
• They are divided into 3 classes:
– Crustacean
– Arachnida
– Insecta
Class Crustacean
• Mostly live in saltwater.
• Reproduce sexually and hold their eggs on the
underside of the body until they are ready to
hatch.
Class Arachnida
• Most live on land; Some have
poison glands that can kill or maim
their prey.
• Reproduce sexually and lay eggs.
Class
Insecta
• Most abundant of all
the animals.
• Insects are the only
invertebrates that can
fly.
• Life cycle consists of
Complete or
Incomplete
metamorphosis.
• Metamorphosis - a series of stages in insect
development.
• Incomplete metamorphosis:
– Egg- Nymph- Adult
• Complete metamorphosis:
– Egg- Larva- Pupa- Adult
Vertebrates