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Kingdom Protista PA State Standards What is a protist? • Eukaryotic • Unicellular (singlecelled) • Can move like animals and respond to changes in the environment • Can be Autotrophs or Heterotrophs What is a protist? • Microscopic • Basic organelles for functions of life • Acquire energy in many different ways • Take in Oxygen through diffusion • move using extensions of their membrane or special structures (flagella & cilia) • Asexual reproduction Animal-like protists 1. 2. 3. 4. Sarcodines Ciliates Flagellates Sporozoans 1. Sarcodines • Pseudopods – false foot • Move with their pseudopods (extensions of their cell membrane and cytoplasm) • Example = Amoeba Pseudopod Amebic Cysts that are ingested in the body from contaminated food and water; Amoebic dysentery can cause the liver to swell and have to be drained so it doesn’t pop 2. Ciliates • Move with small hairlike projections (Cilia) • Example = Paramecium Cilia Balantidium coli is a parasite that moves with Cilia; it is contracted through contaminated food and water 3. Flagellates (Zooflagellates) • Flagella – a tail-like extension • Used to move • Example = Trypanosome • Carried in the Tse Tse fly – causes African Sleeping Sickness (parasitic) Flagella A Trypanosome inside the human body, hanging out with the red blood cells Notice the flagella Swelling of the brain which ultimately leads to a coma ; hence the name “sleeping” sickness 4. Sporozoans • All are parasites • Example = Plasmodium Malaria • Caused by an infected mosquito biting a human. • Infected mosquito injects saliva into human (including plasmodium spores) • Plasmodium go to liver in human and reproduce • Move about in human red blood cells Results in anemia. Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues Various stages of the most deadly form of Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum From mosquito to human 1.Sporozoites in salivary gland. 2.Oöcysts in stomach wall. 3.Male and female gametocytes. 4.Liver phase. 5.Release of merozoites from liver. These enter red cells where both sexual and asexual cycles continue. Plant-like protists • Euglena • Diatom • Dinoflagellate Euglena • Move with a flagella • Autotroph – usually green in color Flagella Chloroplasts Diatoms • Water-dwelling organisms – very abundant near the oceans’ surface; “Golden Algae” • Enclosed in a two part glassy shell • Can be used in car polish, tooth paste and form part of the Earth’s crust Dinoflagellates • Can produce sparkles in ocean water • Contain cell walls that help propel them through water • If reproduce too quickly can cause Red Tide, killing fish Reproduction • Most reproduce through fission – splitting into two parts. Credits • http://www.microscopyuk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopyuk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html • http://www.microscope-microscope.org/applications/pondcritters/protozoans/mastigophora/mastigophora.htm • http://www.rph.wa.gov.au/labs/haem/malaria/history.html