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Magnus Hirschfeld
175a. Confinement in a penitentiary not to exceed ten years and, under
extenuating circumstances, imprisonment for not less than three
months shall be imposed:
1. Upon a male who, with force or with threat of imminent danger to
life and limb, compels another male to commit lewd and lascivious acts
with him or compels the other party to submit to abuse for lewd and
lascivious acts;
2. Upon a male who, by abuse of a relationship of dependence upon
him, in consequence of service, employment, or subordination, induces
another male to commit lewd and lascivious acts with him or to submit
to being abused for such, acts;
3. Upon a male who being over 21 years of age induces another male
under 21 years of age to commit lewd and lascivious acts with him or
to submit to being abused for such acts;
4. Upon a male who professionally engages in lewd and lascivious acts
with other men, or submits to such abuse by other men, or offers
himself for lewd and lascivious acts with other men.
175b. Lewd and lascivious acts contrary to nature between human
beings and animals shall be punished by imprisonment; loss of civil
rights may also be imposed.
Henry Gerber
Homosexuality and Inverts
Biological
Definition
Mollycoddle
Social
Definition
In the last analysis a
healthy state can exist
only when the men and
women who make it up
lead clean, vigorous,
healthy lives; when the
children are so trained
that they shall endeavor,
not to shirk difficulties,
but to overcome them;
not to seek ease, but to
know how to wrest
triumph from toil and
risk. The man must be
glad to do a man's work,
to dare and endure and
to labor; to keep himself,
and to keep those
dependent upon him.
The woman must be the
housewife, the helpmeet
of the homemaker, the
wise and fearless mother
of many healthy children
Emma Goldman
First to advocate for social equality for gay
and lesbians
"she was the first and only woman, indeed the
first and only American, to take up the defense
of homosexual love before the general public.“
Magnus Hirschfeld
Gay Liberation Front and the GLF
Manifesto 1971
The Manifesto’s idealistic vision involved
creating a new sexual democracy,
without homophobia, misogyny, racism
and class privilege. Erotic shame and
guilt would be banished. There would be
sexual freedom and human rights for
everyone – queer, bisexual and straight.
Straight male hegemony was seen as the
common oppressor of both women and
queers. Subverting the supremacy of
heterosexual masculinity was, to us, the key to
genuine liberation for LGBTs and the female
sex.
The GLF Manifesto argues that much LGBT
oppression results from the way we queers
deviate from the socially-prescribed, orthodox
gender roles of masculine and feminine:
The Manifesto aligned GLF with other
liberation movements, such as the movements
for women’s, black, Irish and working class
freedom. Although critical of the misogyny and
homophobia of the “straight left”, it positioned
the LGBT struggle as part of the broader anticapitalist, anti-imperialist movement, striving
for the emancipation of all humankind.
Homosexuality Defined by Society
Historically
Daughters of Bilitis
"A Woman's Organization for the purpose of Promoting the Integration of the Homosexual
into Society."
1.Education of the variant...to enable her to understand herself and make her
adjustment to society...this to be accomplished by establishing...a library...on the sex
deviant theme; by sponsoring public discussions...to be conducted by leading members
of the legal psychiatric, religious and other professions; by advocating a mode of
behavior and dress acceptable to society.
2. Education of the public...leading to an eventual breakdown of erroneous taboos and
prejudices...
3. Participation in research projects by duly authorized and responsible psychologists,
sociologists, and other such experts directed towards further knowledge of the
homosexual.
4. Investigation of the penal code as it pertain to the homosexual, proposal of
changes,...and promotion of these changes through the due process of law in the state
legislatures."
New York chapter president Barbara Gittings noted that the word "variant" was used instead of "lesbian" in the mission statement. Variant
is a gender expression that does not fit with gender norms. Lesbian was viewed as negative.
Morris Kight 1919-2003
The co-founder of the Gay and Lesbian Community Service Center of L.A.
(now called the L.A. Gay & Lesbian Center), Kight also was a key organizer of
the West Coast's first gay pride parade and celebration in 1970, which
effectively galvanized the modern gay rights movement in Los Angeles. The
parade has drawn nearly 500,000 people in recent years.
One of the best known was a weeks-long 1970
demonstration outside Barney's Beanery, the well-known
West Hollywood bar, which had a bar sign reading "Faggots
Stay Out!"
After three weeks of protests, employees surrendered the
offending sign. Despite promises, a new sign appeared, and
was removed in 1985. As a constant reminder of the need
for vigilance, a framed copy of the sign hung over Kight's
sofa in the modest West Hollywood apartment he shared
with his beloved cats.
He also founded the Stonewall Democratic Club, a gay and
lesbian political party, in October 1975.
Harry Hay Jr. 1912-2002
Harry Hay, founded the
Mattachine Society in
California and that was the first
time that someone selfconsciously brought political
consciousness to the gay
community.
Hay: The police had a practice of entrapping people. This was done all over the
country, but we had a particularly vicious group here in Southern California
because of the Hollywood situation. They knew they could get a lot of them. They
were shaking down people for thousands in blackmail. This would all be handled
hush-a-hush, but thousands and thousands of dollars had to change hands
anyway.
This was when we were all illegal. The guys would get some cute little number.
And he would entice people to do things they probably would never ordinarily do.
The moment that you'd make a pass, a couple of witnesses would just appear out
of the bushes and arrest you. So, one particular boy--one of our members, Dale
Jennings--was entrapped one night.
Mattachine Society
Emerges after WWII
after veterans start to
congregate together
leading to the
development of a gay
cultural identity
Name from Medieval
masked French group that
challenged the French elite
Two Groups
Veterans Benevolent Association of NY
Knights of the Clock Los Angeles
Communism and the Lavender Scare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CuM
kTSiB1A
The Ladder
Walt Whitman 1819-1892
“There is that in me – I do not
know what it is – but I know it is in
me.
…
I do not know it – it is without
name – it is a word unsaid,
It is not in any dictionary,
utterance, symbol.”
- Walt Whitman, Song of Myself
Boston marriages 18-1900’s
Boston marriage
A Boston marriage is a polite term to describe
two women living in a household and sharing
expenses, whether in a Platonic or lesbian
relationship.
Molly and Bridgit were in a Boston marriage
and co-owned a brownstone.
Source: Urban Dictionary
Child molestation and homosexuality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17u01_sWjRE
1970 Carl Whitman Gay Manifesto
San Francisco is a refugee camp for
homosexuals. We have fled here from every
part of the nation, and like refugees
elsewhere, we came not because it is so great
here, but because it was so bad there. By the
tens of thousands, we fled small towns where
to be ourselves would endanger our jobs and
any hope of a decent life; we have fled from
blackmailing cops, from families who disowned
or ‘tolerated’ us; we have been drummed out
of the armed services, thrown out of schools,
fired from jobs, beaten by punks and
policemen.
1. What homosexuality is: Nature leaves
undefined the object of sexual desire. The
gender of that object is imposed socially.
Humans originally made homosexuality taboo
because they needed every bit of energy to
produce and raise children: survival of species
was a priority. With overpopulation and
technological change, that taboo continued
only to exploit us and enslave us.
2. Marriage: Marriage is a prime example of a straight institution fraught with role
playing. Traditional marriage is a rotten, oppressive institution. Those of us who have
been in heterosexual marriages too often have blamed our gayness on the breakup of
the marriage. No. They broke up because marriage is a contract which smothers both
people, denies needs, and places impossible demands on both people. And we had the
strength, again, to refuse to capitulate to the roles which were demanded of us.
Gay is Good Frank Kameny
Letter to Tom Brokaw criticizing Brokaw’s book 2007
As a long-time gay activist, who initiated gay
activism and militancy at the very start of
"your" Sixties, in 1961; coined the slogan "Gay
is Good" in 1968; and is viewed by many as
one of the "Founding Fathers" of the Gay
Movement, I write with no little indignation at
the total absence of any slightest allusion to
the gay movement for civil equality in your
book
As a gay combat veteran of World War II, and
therefore a member of the "Greatest
Generation", I find myself and my fellow gays
as absent from your narration as if we did not
and do not exist. We find Boom! Boom!!
Boom!!! in your book about all the
multitudinous issues and the vast cultural
changes of that era. But not a single "Boom",
only dead silence, about gays, homosexuality,
and the Gay Movement.
Mr. Brokaw, you deal with the histories of
countless individuals. Where are the gays of
that era: Barbara Gittings; Jack Nichols; Harry
Hay; Del Martin and Phyllis Lyons; Randolfe
Wicker; Harvey Milk; numerous others? No
booms in your book; only silence and
heterosexuals.
Sodomy laws and 50s laws designed to
stop homosexuality
BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) — A dozen states still
have anti-sodomy laws on the books 10 years
after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled they are
unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas
in 2003 that it is unconstitutional to bar
consensual sex between adults, calling it a
violation of the 14th Amendment.
2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LA8nxfRwdKM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17C_9TXgAms
The Pennsylvania sodomy provision of 1682 read:
...if any person shall be Legally Convicted of the unnatural sin of
Sodomy or joining with beasts, Such person shall be whipped, and
forfeit one third of his or her estate, and work six months in the house
of Correction, at hard labour, and for the Second offence,
imprisonment, as aforesaid, during life. [The reference to females was
probably construed as applying only to the bestiality provision.]
From Bible
Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.
In 1668, New Jersey enacted its own sodomy law3 that used the
proscription from Leviticus, but exempted those under age 14 and
victims of an assault from the death penalty.4
Entrapment
The mafia and Stonewall
Sip Ins
Barbara Gittings
In the early 1960s we became involved
together in ECHO, the East Coast Homophile
Organizations, formed to bring together the
hugely vast East Coast segment of the gay
movement of the day -- all four organizations.
She was present in NACHO, the North
American Homophile Organizations, which
succeeded ECHO in 1966, and she actively
supported me at the 1968 NACHO conference
in Chicago when I unveiled "Gay is Good".
A difference of opinion developed in the early
1960s, as how best to approach psychiatry and
the sickness theory and its advocates, with
some taking a less assertive approach more
deferential to the so-called authorities and
experts, and others taking a more aggressive,
confrontational approach, as did I. Barbara,
who agreed fully with me, utilized the
Daughters' Ladder magazine, of which she was
Editor
And so, with an ineffable sense of loss, I say
"Goodbye Barbara. Goodbye. Goodbye.
Goodbye. We are all the less for her departure.
I miss her more than I can ever say, but will
always remember her fondly as one of the
most important players in my gay activist life
and in the incredible progress of the gay
community over the past half century.
Goodbye Barbara. You won't be forgotten.
Eulogy by Frank Kameney
Blue Discharge and Military
The Castro as a Gay Community
Harvey Milk
Barbara Gittings
Closeted History
Hoover and the FBI
Vagrancy laws vs. homosexualism and
homosexuality
http://gayinsacramento.com/Chron1-Calif-page.htm