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Modern Operating Systems • Microkernel architecture – Assigns only a few essential functions to the kernel • Address spaces • Interprocess communication (IPC) • Basic scheduling Sequence 4 CS240 1 Modern Operating Systems • Multithreading – Process is divided into threads that can run concurrently • Thread – Dispatchable unit of work – executes sequentially and is interruptable • Process is a collection of one or more threads Sequence 4 CS240 2 1 Modern Operating Systems • Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) – There are multiple processors – These processors share same main memory and I/O facilities – All processors can perform the same functions Sequence 4 CS240 3 Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing 1 processor multiprogramming 2 processors multiprocessing Sequence 4 CS240 4 2 Modern Operating Systems • Distributed operating systems – Provides the illusion of a single main memory space and single secondary memory space Sequence 4 CS240 5 Modern Operating Systems • Object-oriented design – Used for adding modular extensions to a small kernel – Enables programmers to customize an operating system without disrupting system integrity Sequence 4 CS240 6 3 Windows 2000 Architecture Sequence 4 CS240 7 UNIX • Hardware is surrounded by the operating system software • Operating system is called the system kernel • Comes with a number of user services and interfaces – Shell – Components of the C compiler Sequence 4 CS240 8 4 UNIX Sequence 4 CS240 9 CS240 10 UNIX Kernel Fig . 2.15 Sequence 4 5 Modern UNIX Kernel Fig 2.16 Sequence 4 CS240 11 Some UNIX Systems • • • • • Sequence 4 System V Release 4 (SVR4) Solaris 10 4.4BSD Linux OS X CS240 12 6