Download MIDlet Development

MIDlet Development
Virginie . Galtier @int-evry.fr
March 2005
Overview
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
•
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Introduction: J2ME target and architecture
HelloWorld MIDlet
User Interface
Deployment
Persistent storage
Networking
Security
Optimizations
References
Quizz
Motivation
• Sun Mobility Developer Newsletter, December 2004:
– 280+ Java handset models available from 32 manufacturers
– installed base of Java handsets: 267 million at the beginning of
2004, and is projected to reach 1.5 billion by the end of 2007
– in Japan 50% of all handsets are J2ME-enabled, and have
earned operators $1.4 billion
– J2ME Wireless Toolkit won JavaPro Best Mobile Development
Tool Award
J2ME Configurations
• minimum platforms for the targeted range of devices:
– a core collection of java classes
– + specific classes (generic connection framework :
javax.microedition.io)
J2SE
CLDC
CDC
 no interface java.lang.Comparable
 no package java.net
 no package java.awt
 no class java.math.BigDecimal
J2ME Profiles
Personal
Personal basis
RMI
CDC
CLDC
MID 1.0 & 2.0
PDA
IM
Digital Set Top Box
Foundation
Other J2ME APIs and Optional Packages
• Java API for Bluetooth (JSR 82)
• Wireless Messaging API (JSR 120: SMS & JSR 205:
MMS)
• JDBC Optional Package for CDC Foundation Profile
(JSR 169): provides functionality equivalent the java.sql
package
• Location API (JSR 179): GPS or E-OTD…
• SIP API (JSR 180): standard for VoIP and more
• Mobile 3D Graphics API (JSR 184)
• Mobile Media API (JSR 135): sound and multimedia
• Web Service Access (JSR 172): access to web services:
XML parsing, XML based RPC communication support
• … many more existing or in progress…
MIDlet Lifecycle
loaded by
device
launched for the first time
resumeRequest()
end requested by MIDlet
destroyApp(true)
new
constructor()
resumed by AMS
startApp()
Active
resume requested by MIDlet
paused by MIDlet
paused by AMS
notifyPaused()
Paused
pauseApp()
startApp throws MIDletStateChangeException
destroyApp(arg)
arg=true?
yes
no
throws MIDletStateChangeException ?
Destroyed
notifyDestroyed()
Terminated
no
yes
Skeleton MIDlet Class
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
public class MyMIDlet
extends MIDlet {
// optional constructor, some initializations go here
public MyMIDlet() {
}
// main MIDlet code goes here, some initializations also go here
public void startApp() {
}
// operations to save current state before releasing the screen go here
public void pauseApp() {
}
// operations to release resources before the MIDlet exits go here
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {
}
}
HelloWorld MIDlet 1/3: install
1. Download and install the J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2.2:
http://java.sun.com/products/j2mewtoolkit/download-2_2.html
2. Launch the KToolbar
3. Create a new project:
– Project name: MasterOfScience
– MIDlet class name: HelloWorld
– Keep the default configuration and finish project creation
HelloWorld MIDlet 2/3: code
4. In yourPath\WTK22\apps\MasterOfScience\src, create
HelloWorld.java:
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
public class HelloWorld
extends MIDlet {
private Form welcomeScreen;
public HelloWorld() {
welcomeScreen = new Form("My First MIDlet");
StringItem message = new StringItem("Hello World!","I'm a MIDlet!");
welcomeScreen.append(message);
}
protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {
Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(welcomeScreen);
}
protected void pauseApp() {}
protected void destroyApp(boolean arg0) {}
}
HelloWorld MIDlet 3/3: execution
5. In the WTK, press the Run button
6. On the phone, press Launch
User Interface: Display
• Device screen on which a MIDlet displays its user interface:
Display object (package javax.microedition.lcdui)
• To obtain a reference to it:
displayManager = getDisplay(this) (this is the current MIDlet)
• To display something on that screen:
displayManager.setCurrent(something) where something is
Displayable
User Interface: Displayable
Displayable
javax.microedition.lcdui
setTitle
setTicker
...
Screen
TextBox
Canvas
List
Form
Alert
javax.microedition.
lcdui.game
GameCanvas
append
Image
Item
String
...
ChoiceGroup
TextField
StringItem
DateField
Gauge
User Interface: Exercise
User Interface: Good Practices
Inputting text can be tedious on portable devices, help the
user by:
• providing pre-filled in fields
• providing lists to choose from rather than text input
boxes
• remembering previously typed in information
• organizing easy navigation within the MIDlet screens
• keeping screens simple: few elements, short texts so
there is no need to scroll down
Interaction and Commands
• Only a simple “window” displayed at the time
• Need commands to change displayed content according
to user input
•
Command items may be added (addCommand method)
to a Displayable to be presented to the user.
• Most important commands may be access directly,
remaining commands are automatically presented in a
menu.
• Command behavior is defined in a CommandListener
associated to the Displayable.
• Most displayable items have set and get methods to
change displayed content and get user input.
Interaction and Commands: Example 1/2
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
public class FirstCommands extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {
private
private
private
private
private
Form welcomeScreen;
TextField userInput;
Ticker banner;
final Command QUIT = new Command("Exit",Command.EXIT, 2);
final Command CHANGE = new Command("Change",Command.SCREEN,1);
public FirstCommands() {
welcomeScreen = new Form("First Command");
welcomeScreen.addCommand(QUIT);
welcomeScreen.addCommand(CHANGE);
welcomeScreen.setCommandListener(this);
banner = new Ticker("Welcome here! ");
welcomeScreen.setTicker(banner);
userInput = new TextField("enter banner text:","",40,TextField.ANY);
welcomeScreen.append(userInput);
}
Interaction and Commands: Example 2/2
protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {
Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(welcomeScreen);
}
protected void pauseApp() {}
protected void destroyApp(boolean arg0) {}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) {
if (c == QUIT)
notifyDestroyed();
if (c == CHANGE)
banner.setString(userInput.getString());
}
}
Interaction and Commands: Exercise 1/2
start on screen 1
with gauge to 0
It displays screen
2, where the text
indicates the
gauge value
press “up” 4 times
then press OK
Change gauge
value with
keyboard and
press OK
It displays screen
1 with gauge value
set to the
specified value
Interaction and Commands: Exercise 2/2
Reorder magnets and find the missing ones
if (c == cmdQuit)
screen1.addCommand(cmdOK);
bars = new Gauge("",true,4,0); if ((c == cmdOK) && (d == screen2)) {
notifyDestroyed(); bars.setValue(Integer.parseInt(gaugeValue.getString()));
private Form screen1, screen2;
cmdOK = new Command("OK",Command.OK, 1);
screen1.setCommandListener(this);
protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {
public class CommandsExercise extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {
private TextField gaugeValue;
screen1.addCommand(cmdQuit);
private Gauge bars;
gaugeValue = new TextField("gauge value:","",2,TextField.NUMERIC);
public CommandsExercise() {
screen2.append(gaugeValue);
cmdQuit = new Command("Quit",Command.EXIT, 2);
screen1 = new Form("Screen 1");
screen1.append(bars);
screen2.addCommand(cmdOK);
screen2.setCommandListener(this);
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) {
screen2 = new Form("Screen 2");
private Command cmdOK;
if ((c == cmdOK) && (d == screen1)) {
Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(screen2);
gaugeValue.setString(String.valueOf(bars.getValue()));
Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(screen1);
private Command cmdQuit;
Compilation and Preverification
• Compile:
Hello\sources>javac -d ../classes -bootclasspath
c:\WTK22\lib\midpapi20.jar;c:\WTK22\lib\cldcapi
11.jar HelloWorld.java
• Preverify (required to load a class in a CLDC-conformant
VM):
\Hello>c:\WTK22\bin\preverify -classpath
c:\WTK22\lib\midpapi20.jar;c:\WTK22\lib\cldcapi
11.jar classes
(Result placed in output repository)
• Test with emulator:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -classpath .
HelloWorld
Packaging
•
Create a MANIFEST.MF file:
MIDlet-1: Hello MIDlet,,HelloWorld
MIDlet-Name: Hello MIDlet
MIDlet-Vendor: Virginie Galtier
MIDlet-Version: 1.0
MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC-1.1
MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-2.0
•
\Hello\output>jar cvfm Hello.jar MANIFEST.MF HelloWorld.class
•
Create a JAD file HelloWorld.jad:
MIDlet-1: Hello MIDlet,,HelloWorld
MIDlet-Jar-Size: 1130
MIDlet-Jar-URL: Hello.jar
MIDlet-Name: Hello MIDlet
MIDlet-Vendor: Virginie Galtier
MIDlet-Version: 1.0
MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC-1.1
MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-2.0
•
Test with emulator:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -classpath . -Xdescriptor HelloWorld.jad
Accessing JAD and Manifest Information
• getAppProperty(String key) method of the MIDlet class,
key is the attribute name in the .jad and manifest files
– Example: getAppProperty("MicroEdition-Configuration") returns
“CLDC 1.1”
• Useful for “about” information
• Useful to pass parameter to the MIDlet: you can define
your own attribute in the jad file. If you decide to change
the values of thoses parameters, change only the .jad
file, no need to modify the jar file!
Over The Air Deployment Test
•
Place jar and jad file on a web server
•
Install and execute:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator Xjam:transient=http://localhost/Hello/HelloWorld.jad
•
List installed MIDlet:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -Xjam:list
Result:
Running with storage root DefaultColorPhone
[1]
Name: Hello MIDlet
Vendor: Virginie Galtier
Version: 1.0
Storage name: #Virginie%0020#Galtier_#Hello%0020#M#I#Dlet_
Size: 2K
Installed From: http://localhost/Hello/HelloWorld.jad
MIDlets:
Hello MIDlet
•
Remove installed MIDlet:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -Xjam:remove=1
•
Install:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator Xjam:install=http://localhost/Hello/HelloWorld.jad
•
Execute:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -Xjam:run=1
Over The Air Deployment
• create a hello.html file linking to the jad file:
<html>
<body>
<a href="http://localhost/Hello/HelloWorld.jad">HelloWorld.jad</a>
</body>
</html>
• launch the AMS:
\Hello\output>c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -Xjam
Installing and Running MIDlet on PocketPC
1. install IBM Workplace Client Technology Micro Edition
2. click on Start / programs / MIDlet HQ
3. enter jad URL
Installing and Running MIDlets on PalmOS
1. download IBM WebSphere Micro Environment Toolkit for Palm OS
at http://pluggedin.palmone.com/regac/pluggedin/auth/Java1.jsp
2. install IBMWME/prc/ARM/J9JavaVMMidpNG.prc on the Palm
device
3. use MIDlet HQ as for the Pocket PC
or
3. transform JAR or JAD files to .prc file with the IBM tools jartoprc or
jad2prc
4. install the resulting .prc file on the Palm device
MIDlet Suite
• Group of related MIDlets
• Packaged and installed as a single entity, can be uninstalled only as
a group
• If device supports concurrent running of multiple MIDlets, all active
MIDlets from a suite run in the same Java VM.
• To package a MIDlet suite with the WTK:
– Open the project, “settings” tab, “MIDlets” tab, provide the name and
class name of each MIDlet in the suite
• To package “by hand”:
– Add a new line “MIDlet-x” with the name and class name of the MIDlet x
in the suite in the JAD and MANIFEST files
– Build the JAR including all class files
Image
• supported format: PNG
• example:
Image i = Image.createImage("/rainbow.png");
ImageItem ii = new ImageItem("rainbow", i,
ImageItem.LAYOUT_DEFAULT, null);
mainScreen.append(ii);
• path to the image file:
– in WTK, “/” is the “res” subdirectory
– when packaging by hand, add the image file to the JAR
MIDlet Icon
• PNG image displayed in front of the name
of a MIDlet of a suite
• With WTK:
– Place icon image in res directory
– On the KToolBar: “Settings” tab, “MIDlets tab”,
edit the MIDlet line and add the icon file name
(in this context, “/” = res directory)
• “By hand”:
– Add the icon file to the JAR
– Modify the MIDlet line in the MANIFEST and
JAD files:
– MIDlet-5: test two,/iconTwo.png,TestIconTwo
(in this context, “/” = root of the JAR file)
Exercise
• See Exercise 1 on the web site
Persistent Storage
• Save information as collections of records
• record = an array of bytes with associated integer identifier
• record store = a collection of records identified by a name
class javax.microedition.rms.RecordStore
• record store names are shared by all MIDlets in a MIDlet suite:
 allows information sharing
 ! caution when accessing a RecordStore with multiple threads!
Record Stores
• Create and/or open:
–
static RecordStore openRecordStore(String name, boolean create)
– If no record with the given exists
• If create is true: a new one is created
• If create is false: a RecordStoreNotFoundException is thrown
• Close:
– closeRecordStore
– If a record store is opened more than once by a MIDlet, it won’t be
closed until each open instance is closed
• Other operations:
–
–
–
–
–
static void deleteRecordStore(String name)
static String[] listRecordStores()
String getName()
long getLastModified()
int getVersion(): incremented each time a record is added, removed or
modified
– …
Records: creation
• int addRecord(byte[] data, int offset, int
size)
• Returns identifier
• Identifiers start at 1, increased by one at each record
creation, identifiers of removed records are not reused
• Record contains range of bytes from data[offset] to
data[offset + size – 1]
• Simple way to create a record from class instance fields:
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
dos.writeUTF(secretary.name);
dos.writeInt(secretary.age);
dos.close();
byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
int id = recordStrore.addRecord(data,0,data.length);
Records: other operations
• Retrieve information from a record store:
byte[] data = recordStore.getRecord(recordId);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bais);
Person secretary = new Person();
secretary.name = dis.readUTF();
secretary.age = dis.readInt();
dis.close();
• Update: void setRecord(int recordId, byte[] data, int offset, int size)
• Remove: void deleteRecord(int recordId)
Record Store events
• Changes to the content of a record store are reported as
events to objects that implement the RecordListener
interface and register with the RecordStore using the
addRecordListener() method.
• RecordListener interface:
– void recordAdded(RecordStore recordStore, int recordId)
– void recordChanged(RecordStore recordStore, int recordId)
– void recordDeleted(RecordStore recordStore, int recordId)
Record Enumerations
• The list of active record identifiers can quickly become
sparse 
for (int i = 1; i < store.getNextRecordID(); i++) {
try {
byte[] data = store.getRecord(i);
display(data);
} catch (InvalidRecordIDException irie) {}
}
inefficient
• Use RecordEnumeration: a list of active records
RecordEnumeration enum = recordStore.enumerateRecords(null, null, false);
while (enum.hasNextElement()) {
int id = enum.nextRecordId();
// display
False: static snapshot of the records
}
True: keep the enumeration updated
when record store is modified
Record Enumerations
• store.getRecord(enum.nextRecordId) ↔
enum.nextRecord()
 Convenient for read access to the records
 Not suitable to modify the data
• Forwards:
– hasNextElement(), nextRecordId(), nextRecord()
• Backwards:
– hasPreviousElement(), previousRecordId,
previousRecord()
• reset(): restart iteration from the beginning
• When finish, release resources used by a
RecordEnumeration with destroy()
Record Filters
• RecordEnumeration enum =
recordStore.enumerateRecords(filter, null, false);
• Contains only the records fulfilling a criterion verified by
the filter
• A filter = object implementing the RecordFilter interface:
public boolean matches(byte[] data)
Record Comparators
• Impose an order on the records in a RecordEnumeration
by supplying an object implementing the
RecordComparator interface:
public int compare(byte[] dataA, byte[] dataB)
• Return value:
– RecordComparator.EQUIVALENT
– RecordComparator.PRECEDES: “dataA” then “dataB”
– RecordComparator.FOLLOWS: “dataB” then “dataA”
Exercise
• See Exercise 2 on the web site
Networking
no java.net package in the CLDC
network functionalities are in
Generic Connection Framework (GCF)
implemented in javax.microedition.io:
– class Connector
– interface Connection and its sub-interfaces
Connector
• Provides static methods to open a Connection:
public static Connection open(String name, int mode, boolean timeout)
• name: general form: protocol:address;parameters
Examples:
• socket://localhost:1122
• http://www.yahoo.com/index.html
• comm:0;baudrate=1600
• mode (optional): Connector.READ or WRITE or READ_WRITE
• timeout (optional): indicates that application code can make use of
timeouts on read or write operations (if supported by
implementation)
Connection
receive and send Datagram
Datagram d =
myDatagramConnection.newMessage(messageBytes, length)
waits for connection establishment requests:
public StreamConnection acceptAndOpen()
delivery and duplicate protection are not guaranteed: low overhead
but not reliable
OutputConnection
InputConnection
file://
StreamConnectionNotifier
provide:
•XputStream to work with bytes
•DataXputStream to work with java data type
(X=in or out)
ServerSocketConnection
socket://:port
DatagramConnection
reliable
streams
datagram://[host]:[port]
StreamConnection
inbound
reliable
streams
logical
serial port
socket://
CommConnection
comm:portID[;option;..;option]
UDPDatagramConnection
SocketConnection
ContentConnection
socket://host:port
HttpConnection
CLDC 1.0
SecureConnection
MIDP 1.0
ssl://host:port
MIDP 2.0
envisages the
exchange of
information with
defined message
boundaries
http://
required for all MIDP
devices
HttpsConnection
https://
required for all MIDP 2.0
devices
Client Socket Example 1/4
• objective: open a socket connection to a web server and
read some data from it
import
import
import
import
javax.microedition.midlet.*;
javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
javax.microedition.io.*;
java.io.*;
public class WebClientSocket
extends MIDlet {
private Form welcomeScreen;
public WebClientSocket() {
welcomeScreen = new Form("Client socket example");
StreamConnection socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
InputStream is = null;
Client Socket Example 2/4
try {
socket = (StreamConnection)Connector.open(
"socket://www.google.com:80",Connector.READ_WRITE);
// send a message to the server
String request = "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n";
os = socket.openOutputStream();
os.write(request.getBytes());
os.close();
Client Socket Example 3/4
// read the server's reply, up to a maximum of 128 bytes
is = socket.openInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[128];
int total = 0;
while (total < 128) {
int count = is.read(buf, total, 128-total);
if (count < 0)
break;
total += count;
}
is.close();
String reply = new String(buf, 0, total);
socket.close();
// display reply
StringItem web = new StringItem("web",reply);
welcomeScreen.append(web);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e);
Client Socket Example 4/4
} finally {
if (socket != null)
socket = null;
if (is != null)
is = null;
if (os != null)
os = null;
}
free up resources even if error
occurs
(helping the garbage collector is
specially important on devices
with low capabilities)
}
protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {
Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(welcomeScreen);
}
protected void pauseApp() {}
protected void destroyApp(boolean arg0) {}
}
Exercise
• See Exercise 3 on the web site
Security
• (with presentation extracts from)
HTTPS and certificates
1. download the code for the InternetBrowser MIDlet and create a
MIDlet suite containing only that MIDlet
2. run the MIDlet and type the URL http://www.google.com
3. run again the MIDlet and type the URL https://www.verisign.com
• problem: javax.microedition.pki.CertificateException: “Not a CA” or
“Root CA’s public key is expired”
• explanation: Public Key Certificates are needed in order to use
HTTPS, but no certificates are present in the keystore when the
WTK is installed, or the certificates have expired…
• to install certificates:
–
–
with the WTK: File / Utilities / Manage Certificates (import J2SE
certificates; or open the web page with internet explorer, display the
certificate and use the “save to a file” option, then import certificate
from that file)
by hand: use the MEKeyTool command
Sign Exercise
1. using the WTK, create JAR and JAD files for the
HelloWorld MIDlet (Project / Package / Create Package)
2. copy the files on a web server and create a web page
pointing towards them
3. launch OTA provisioning on the emulator:
c:\WTK22\bin\emulator -Xjam
4. launch installation indicating the address of the web
page
 MIDlet appears “untrusted”
5. sign the MIDlet (Project / Sign / Sign MIDlet suite…)
6. copy the new JAR and JAD on the web site and launch
OTA
 the MIDlet doesn’t appear “instrusted” anymore
Other Security Issues
• Sending user’s money without their permission
(downloading information, sending SMS or MMS…)
• Disclosing user’s private information (address book…)
• Denial of service and other malicious code
Security Domains
• Assigning a security domain to the certificate, designates the level of
trust the certificate holder has to access protected APIs and the level
of access to those APIs.
• Untrusted: origin and integrity of the JAR file cannot be trusted by
the device (for example, unsigned MIDlet suites)
• Trusted: JAR file signed with a certificate chain that the device can
verify
• Minimum: all permissions to protected APIs are denied, including
access to push functionality and network protocols
• Maximum: Same as trusted; all permissions to access protected
APIs for push functionality and network protocols are allowed
Optimizations for
Execution Speed and Memory Consumption
• Obfuscator
– Not much memory + limited network connection  the smaller the jar
file, the better  obfuscators appreciated! (“Proguard” is included in the
WTK)
• Free unused variables and resources
– close connections
– null references
• Loop condition checking
– move constant expressions out of the loop
– prefer local variables to instance or class variables
•
•
•
•
Avoid recursion
Use array instead of Vector
Use record stores instead of a Vector on the heap memory
Write a suite of small MIDlets rather than a single multi-purpose
MIDlet
References
• Books at INT library:
– J2ME in a Nutshell
– J2ME, Applications Java pour terminaux mobiles
– Java 2 micro edition application development (also on Safari)
• On line:
– Sun J2ME web site (http://java.sun.com/j2me/): toolkit,
specifications, code examples, links to developer sites…
– J2ME FAQ: http://bellsouthpwp.net/m/c/mcpierce/j2mefaq.html
– Benhui.net (http://benhui.net): J2ME web sites list, MIDP 2.0
phones, J2ME and Bluetooth…
– More: google it in!
Quizz
• from the Sun web site
Quizz – Question 1
A midlet is a Java class that extends the abstract class:
A. javax.microedition.MIDlet
B. javax.microedition.midlet
C. javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet
D. javax.microedition.midlet.midlet
Quizz – Question 2
Which one of the following methods of the MIDlet
abstract class must be implemented by a midlet:
A. initApp, startApp
B. startApp, destroyApp
C. startApp, pauseApp, destroyApp
D. initApp, startApp, pauseApp, destroyApp
Quizz – Question 3
After compiling your midlet, you must process it with a
command to ensure that it is valid before use by the
Kilo virtual machine (KVM). What is the name of that
command?
A. midp
B. javac-bootclasspath
C. preverify
D. jar
Quizz – Question 4
A Java Application Descriptor (JAD) file is a text file
that is similar to a manifest, except that it is not
packaged in a JAR file. Some of the shared
attributes that must have identical values are:
MIDlet-Name, MIDlet-Version, and MIDlet-Vendor. If
any shared attributes are different, then:
A. The ones in the descriptor override those in the
manifest
B. The ones in the manifest override those in the
descriptor
Quizz – Question 5
When downloading application descriptors (.jad files)
from a web server, the web server must return a
MIME type of:
A. text/vnd.sun.j2me.midp
B. text/vnd.sun.j2me.jad
C. text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor
D. text/vnd.sun.j2me.midapp
Quizz – Question 6
A midlet suite is a set of midlets that are packed
together into a single JAR file. Midlets within the
same suite:
A. Can share the classes and resources contained in the
JAR file
B. Cannot share the classes and resources contained in
the JAR file
Quizz – Question 7
What is the difference between a configuration (such
as the CLDC) and a profile (such as the MIDP)?
A. a configuration defines the set of class libraries
available for a particular domain of devices, and a
profile provides I/O and network APIs.
B. a configuration defines a vertical set of classes that a
profile can use.
C. a configuration defines a minimum set of class libraries
for a wide range of devices, and a profile defines the set
of APIs available for a particular family of devices.
D. a profile is the foundation for a configuration.
Quizz – Question 8
All MIDP implementations are required to support what
image format?
A. GIF
B. JPG
C. BMP
D. PNG
Quizz – Question 9
If a midlet needs to receive high-level events from the
implementation, which interface should it
implement?
A. ActionListener
B. CommandListener
C. Windows Listener
D. ChoiceListener
Quizz – Question 10
All MIDP GUI classes are contained in what package?
A. javax.microedition.gui
B. javax.microedition.lcd
C. javax.microedition.lcdui
D. javax.microedition.display
Quizz – Question 11
Which class would you use to write applications to
access low-level input events or to issue graphics
calls for drawing to the display?
A. Display
B. Command
C. Screen
D. Canvas
Quizz – Question 12
What is the correct syntax, using the Generic Connection
framework, to open an HTTP connection:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Connection c = Connection.open("http://developer.java.sun.com");
Connector c = Connector.open("http://developer.java.sun.com");
Connection c = Connector.open("http://developer.java.sun.com");
Connector c = Connection.open("http://developer.java.sun.com");
Quizz – Question 13
The MIDP provides a mechanism for MIDlets to
persistently store data in a platform-dependent file
and retrieve it later. This mechanism is:
A. Object Serialization
B. JDBC
C. RMS
D. ODBC
Quizz – Question 14
Which of the following statements is true about J2ME?
A. J2ME is a single specification
B. J2ME is a family of related specifications
C. J2ME is a platform for creating applications for the wellestablished desktop market
D. J2ME is a platform for creating server-side enterprise
applications
Quizz – Question 15
A J2ME-enabled device:
A. Can support only a single profile
B. Can support multiple profiles