Download Chapter 2 Notes

CP Biology Chapter 2
Week 7: 10-5-15 to 10-10-15
Tuesday: Introduction of Chapter 2 - Student reviewed introductory vocabulary and drew a Hydrogen Atom
(the simplest atom of matter).
Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nature of Matter (pg. 35-39)
Vocab:
Atoms: Basic unit of matter
Nucleus: Located at the center of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
Electron: Negatively charged particle
Element: Pure substance that consists entirely of one typed of atom.
Isotope: Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Compound: A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
Ionic Bond: Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Ion: Positively and negatively charged atoms
Covalent Bond: Forms when electrons are shared between atoms
Molecule: The smallest unit of most compounds
Van der Waals forces: Intermolecular forces of attraction
**HWK: Review Chapter 1 – Test is Thursday (10/8)!! Must know Metric System! Review vocabulary and
section questions!
Wednesday: Students worked on Section 2-1 The Nature of Matter worksheet.
EQ: What three subatomic particles make up atoms? Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 1 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
Thursday: Chapter 1 Quiz
EQ: What three subatomic particles make up atoms? Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 1 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
Friday: Keystone Practice, handed back assignments, introduced the periodic table and discussed atoms.
+ Protons (located in the nucleus) positive charge
N Neutron (located in the nucleus) no charge
- Electrons (located outside the nucleus) negative charge
(- orbital)
Proton # + Neutron # = Atomic Mass
Neutrons act as packing peanuts and sit in between the protons
Number of protons = Atomic Number
Protons and Electrons are attracted to each other. (number of proton and number of electrons in a
UNCHARGED atom are usually the same. They cancel each other out and that is why there is no charge)
Only able to have 2 electrons in the inside orbital
Only able to have 8 electrons in the next orbital
Only able to have 8 electrons in the next orbital
Isotopes:
Carbon 12
Atomic mass = 12
Atomic # = 6
Carbon 13
6 protons and 7 neutrons
Atomic mass = 13
Carbon 14
6 protons and 8 neutrons
Atomic mass = 14
EQ: What three subatomic particles make up atoms? Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 1 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
CP Biology
Week 8: 10-13-15 to 10-18-15
Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nature of Matter (pg. 35-39)
Vocab:
Atoms: Basic unit of matter
Nucleus: Located at the center of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
Electron: Negatively charged particle
Element: Pure substance that consists entirely of one typed of atom.
Isotope: Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Compound: A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
Ionic Bond: Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Ion: Positively and negatively charged atoms
Covalent Bond: Forms when electrons are shared between atoms
Molecule: The smallest unit of most compounds
Van der Waals forces: Intermolecular forces of attraction
Monday – No School
Tuesday: Page 38 Figure 2-3: Transfer of electrons from atom to atom. Electrons (max of 2) travel around the
nucleus. Rings around the atom are energy levels. (Electrons (max of 8) are located on these rings.) The outer
most level is the valence shell. It must have 8 Electrons in order to be stable.
Charged atoms are called ions. Together, a positive and a negative charge atom form an ionic bond.
Mr. Helock introduced the Periodic Table.
EQ: What are chemical compounds?
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 1 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
Wednesday: Students watched video, “Chemistry of Caves” and filled out a classifying graphic organizer.
EQ: What are chemical compounds?
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 1 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
Thursday: Reviewed Chapter 2 Section 1 The Nature of Matter Outline. When an atom has more protons than
electrons, it has a positive charge. When an atom has the same number of electrons and protons, it has no
charge. When an atom has more electrons than protons, it has a negative charge. Covalent bonds create
molecules.
EQ: What are chemical compounds?
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 2: Properties of Water (pg. 40 – 43)
Friday: Students read through Chapter 2 Section 2-1 The Nature of Matter Summary. Mr. Helock reviewed
concepts. Difference between a chemical bond in water molecule and the chemical bond in salt: In water, the
valence shells share electrons and bond. (Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms.) In
salt, a negative and positive charge causes them to bond. (Ionic bonds form when an electron moves to another
atom.)
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter?
HWK: Read section 2-3, record vocab and answer section review questions.
CP Biology
Week 9: 10-21-15 to 10-24-15
Chapter 2 Section 2: Properties of Water (pg. 40 – 43)
Vocab:
Cohesion: Is an attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Adhesion: is an attraction between molecules of different substances.
Mixture: A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but
not chemically combined.
Solution: ions gradually disperse forming a type of mixture
Solute: the substance tat is dissolved.
Solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves.
Suspension: Mixtures of water and nondissolved material
pH Scale: Measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solutions
Acid: any compound that forms H+ ions in solution. Higher concentrations of H+ than pure water and have pH
values below 7
Base: a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution. Lower concentrations of H+ than pure water and
have pH values above 7
Buffer: weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids and bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH.
Monday:
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter?
Mr. Helock handed back and went over quiz 1 questions. He went over vocabulary Chapter 2 Section 2.
Explained Figure 2-7 on page 41. Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding – cohesive bond (water- molecules stick
together)
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 2 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
Tuesday: Mr. Helock introduced water samples to demonstrate how murky water eventually settles into layers
– Suspension. Salad dressing demonstration – particles are mixed together but eventually settle. By adding a
third particle the particles will remain evenly distributed forming a Colloid Suspension.
Students completed Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Special Solutions: Suspensions and Colloids and
submitted it. Students then worked on Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds.
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter?
HWK: Read Chapter 2 Section 3 – Record vocabulary terms and answer section questions
~ Some test questions are taken from the reading!!!
Wednesday: Students completed Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds and Mr. Helock reviewed notes with them.
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter?
HWK: Reread Chapter 2 Section 3
Chapter 2 Section 3: Carbon Compounds (Pg. 44-48)
Monomer: Smaller units that join together (polymerization) to form polymers
Polymer: monomers join together to form polymers.
Carbohydrate: Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Usually in a ratio of 1:2:1.
Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates
for structural purposes.
Monosaccharide: Single sugar molecules.
Polysaccharide: The large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides
Lipid: Large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water. Made mostly
from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Fates, oils, and waxes. Lipids can be used to store energy.
Nucleic Acid: Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids
are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotide. Nucleic acids store and transmit
heredity or genetic information.
Nucleotide: Made up of three parts: 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Individual
nucleotides can be joined by covalent bonds to form polynucleotides or nucleic acid.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): Nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose.
Protein: are macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Proteins are
polymers of molecules called amino acids.
Amino Acid: Protein polymers of molecules. Amino acids are compounds with an amino group on one end and
a carboxyl group on the other end.
Thursday: Mr. Helock let students know that they will be completing a major project next week. He will
introduce the CBL (Challenged-Based Learning) project tomorrow. Mr. Helock and students went over Section
2-3 Carbon Compounds guided reading.
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter?
HWK: Review Chapter 2 Section 3
Friday: Mr. Helock introduced CBL (Challenged-Based Learning) project.
EQ: What are the chemical and physical properties of matter? Project will answer this question.
HWK: Review Chapter 2 Section 3
CBL (Challenged-Based Learning) Project:
Thoroughly investigate and synthesize a presentation that encompasses all facets of an assigned macromolecule.
EQ: How does an understanding of the chemical and physical properties of macromolecules relate to human
physiology?
Monday through Friday beginning in November, one group will present each day for approximately 10 minutes.
Mr. Helock provided students with an example from the Macromolecules Planning Guide. Each group will
establish roles: engineer, implementation specialist, physiologist, experiment designer, resource specialist, and
journalist. As a group, students will present a macromolecule: structure, function, sources and balance. Students
will create or complete guided questions in order to thoroughly investigate assigned macromolecule. Students
will create guided activities for the class and an assessment to evaluate student learning. All materials are
provided through Googledocs.
CP Biology
Week 9: 10-26-15 to 10-30-15
Monday – Friday: Students will work in small groups to complete CBL (Challenged-Based Learning)
Project: Thoroughly investigate and synthesize a presentation that encompasses all facets of an assigned
macromolecule.
EQ: How does an understanding of the chemical and physical properties of macromolecules relate to human
physiology?
HWK: Reread and Review all chapter sections
**Each student must complete his or her own Planning Guide!!!