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Physics and Scientific Method review Week 3 CCA Physics and Scientific Method Review Copy these definitions onto your paper • Work: transfer of energy as the result of the motion of objects; a machine makes work easier, it doesn’t reduce the amount of work done. • Inquiry: an investigation • Output or resistance force: force exerted by a machine • Input or effort force: force applied to the machine Either copy the words or draw a picture of each simple machine: • 1. Inclined Plane slanted or sloped surface 2. Lever a bar that pivots on a fixed point a) fulcrum b) effort force c) resistance force or load • 3. Pulley wheel that changes the direction of the effort force • 4. Wheel & Axle large wheel fixed onto a smaller wheel or axle • 5.Wedge incline plane with 1 or 2 sloping sides • 6. Screw incline plane wound around a cylinder, with sharp edges along the edge Copy these onto your paper • Manipulated or independent variable: the variable you purposefully or intentionally change • Responding or dependent variable: what you measure or observed due to the changes you made Here are some simple machines in your body… • My incisor teeth are wedges. • Using my arm as a lever makes lifting the bag easier. • My shoulder joint moves like a wheel and axle, a simple machine. • My knee acts as a lever. • My jaw acts as a lever. • Tendons act as pulleys; tendons are part of the muscular system. simple machines do NOT change the amount of work…. they either reduce the input force or change the direction of the force needed. If the force is reduced, the distance of the effort is increased! Work vs No Work • By definition work is when something is moved by a force some distance…. • In other words, the object MUST move in order for work to be done… • Look at the next slide, when does the graph show no work happening? When there is no change, a flat line, then there is no work being done… 14 12 10 8 Ant C 6 Ant B 4 Ant A 2 0 minute 1 minute 2 minute 3 minute 4 Safety Rules: • What should you do first when conducting experiments? • Read the instructions or procedure • What should you always do when in lab? • Follow the teachers instructions • List some safe and unsafe practices in lab: Scientific Method Explain the steps of the scientific method: • Problem- question or query • Hypothesis- proposed solution or outcome of problem • Observations- data taken as measurement or observation • Experiment- organized process to test hypothesis • Data- recorded observations or measurements • Conclusions- analyzing data to see if hypothesis is correct or incorrect • Analyze results- looking for patterns or explanation of results