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CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
38
Angiosperm
Reproduction and
Biotechnology
Clicker Questions by
Scott T. Meissner
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The reason that two sperm cells travel down the
angiosperm pollen tube is that
a) they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
b) one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines
with the two polar nuclei.
c) one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the
synergid.
d) one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the
pollen tube toward the micropyle.
e) if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The reason that two sperm cells travel down the
angiosperm pollen tube is that
a) they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
b) one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines
with the two polar nuclei.
c) one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the
synergid.
d) one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the
pollen tube toward the micropyle.
e) if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ
to emerge from the seed is the
a) shoot tip, as the most important function to get under
way is breaking through the soil.
b) hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under
way is breaking through the soil.
c) cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get
under way is photosynthesis.
d) radicle, as the most important function to get under
way is the absorption of water and nutrients.
e) root, as the most important function to get under way is
interacting with microbes in the soil.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ
to emerge from the seed is the
a) shoot tip, as the most important function to get under
way is breaking through the soil.
b) hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under
way is breaking through the soil.
c) cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get
under way is photosynthesis.
d) radicle, as the most important function to get under
way is the absorption of water and nutrients.
e) root, as the most important function to get under way is
interacting with microbes in the soil.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is
advantageous in plant breeding is
a) male sterility.
b) seed dormancy.
c) self-incompatibility.
d) rapid pollen tube growth.
e) apomixis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is
advantageous in plant breeding is
a) male sterility.
b) seed dormancy.
c) self-incompatibility.
d) rapid pollen tube growth.
e) apomixis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are associated in some way with
double fertilization in angiosperms, except for which
one?
a) The angiosperm zygote is diploid.
b) The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in
the death of one of the synergids.
c) The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid
and triploid cells.
d) The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid
cells through meiosis.
e) One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome
of the endosperm.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are associated in some way with
double fertilization in angiosperms, except for which
one?
a) The angiosperm zygote is diploid.
b) The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in
the death of one of the synergids.
c) The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid
and triploid cells.
d) The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid
cells through meiosis.
e) One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome
of the endosperm.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
a) usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
b) produce sticky pollen.
c) are usually green and inconspicuous.
d) are usually white and small.
e) always occur as separate staminate and pistilate
flowers.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
a) usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
b) produce sticky pollen.
c) are usually green and inconspicuous.
d) are usually white and small.
e) always occur as separate staminate and pistilate
flowers.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An accessory fruit is one that
a) grows from a lateral meristem.
b) develops using some tissue from other than
the ovary.
c) develops from the pericarp.
d) consists of multiple receptacles.
e) is necessary for reproduction.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An accessory fruit is one that
a) grows from a lateral meristem.
b) develops using some tissue from other than
the ovary.
c) develops from the pericarp.
d) consists of multiple receptacles.
e) is necessary for reproduction.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a
multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
a) guava, blackberry, cherry
b) watermelon, orange, pea
c) apple, pear, cherry
d) pineapple, tangerine, cranberry
e) raspberry, pineapple, apple
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a
multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
a) guava, blackberry, cherry
b) watermelon, orange, pea
c) apple, pear, cherry
d) pineapple, tangerine, cranberry
e) raspberry, pineapple, apple
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
One approach that is LEAST likely to reduce the
spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into
wild congeneric populations is to
a) engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA.
b) insert the desired gene into the nuclear DNA of
the crop plant.
c) engineer only species that obligately inbreed.
d) engineer only plants that spread by cloning.
e) alter the plants so that they self-pollinate.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
One approach that is LEAST likely to reduce the
spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into
wild congeneric populations is to
a) engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA.
b) insert the desired gene into the nuclear DNA of
the crop plant.
c) engineer only species that obligately inbreed.
d) engineer only plants that spread by cloning.
e) alter the plants so that they self-pollinate.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When angiosperms first evolved it is thought that they used a
very generalist/nonspecialized strategy of attracting pollinators.
Which choice CORRECTLY identifies some of the floral
characteristics those early flowering plants were thought
to have?
a) bilateral floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
b) radial floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary above the receptacle
c) bilateral floral symmetry, many unfused petals, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
d) radial floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
e) radial floral symmetry, many unfused petals, and an
ovary above the receptacle
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When angiosperms first evolved it is thought that they used a
very generalist/nonspecialized strategy of attracting pollinators.
Which choice CORRECTLY identifies some of the floral
characteristics those early flowering plants were thought
to have?
a) bilateral floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
b) radial floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary above the receptacle
c) bilateral floral symmetry, many unfused petals, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
d) radial floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an
ovary hidden beneath the receptacle
e) radial floral symmetry, many unfused petals, and an
ovary above the receptacle
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The image below shows some aspects of the life cycle
of flower plants. What do the three unlabeled yellow
boxes in this figure represent?
a) periods when pollination and dispersal occur
b) All are stages at which gametes are created.
c) the stages at which some form of sexual
reproduction takes place
d) each is a period of dormancy,
used to avoid periods of
harsh conditions
e) periods of germination
and of growth
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The image below shows some aspects of the life cycle
of flower plants. What do the three unlabeled yellow
boxes in this figure represent?
a) periods when pollination and dispersal occur
b) All are stages at which gametes are created.
c) the stages at which some form of sexual
reproduction takes place
d) each is a period of dormancy,
used to avoid periods of
harsh conditions
e) periods of germination
and of growth
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Before fertilization (see figure) the ovarian wall helps to
protect _______, while after fertilization it has a role in
protecting the developing ______.
a) megagametophytes; seeds
b) the carpels; anther sacs
c) embryo sacs; eggs
d) pollen grains; fruit walls
e) megagametophytes; megaspores
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Before fertilization (see figure) the ovarian wall helps to
protect _______, while after fertilization it has a role in
protecting the developing ______.
a) megagametophytes; seeds
b) the carpels; anther sacs
c) embryo sacs; eggs
d) pollen grains; fruit walls
e) megagametophytes; megaspores
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you order the following processes from first to last,
which is likely to occur third in order?
a) Pass along the sperm that are delivered to the
ovule for fertilization.
b) Form a hardened seed coat.
c) Transmit food to a growing gametophyte.
d) Do meiosis in its ovule to
form a megaspore.
e) Supply food to a growing
endosperm and embryo.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If you order the following processes from first to last,
which is likely to occur third in order?
a) Pass along the sperm that are delivered to the
ovule for fertilization.
b) Form a hardened seed coat.
c) Transmit food to a growing gametophyte.
d) Do meiosis in its ovule to
form a megaspore.
e) Supply food to a growing
endosperm and embryo.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a correct distinction between pollination
and fertilization?
a) Pollination involves multicellular organisms, while
fertilization involves single cells.
b) Fertilization results in a change in ploidy, while
pollination does not.
c) Fertilization is done by both plants and animals, while
pollination is not a part of the animal life cycle.
d) Pollination does not require the fusion of any cells,
while fertilization does.
e) Pollination can directly result in dispersion of a
species to establish it in a new location, while
fertilization does not.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT a correct distinction between pollination
and fertilization?
a) Pollination involves multicellular organisms, while
fertilization involves single cells.
b) Fertilization results in a change in ploidy, while
pollination does not.
c) Fertilization is done by both plants and animals, while
pollination is not a part of the animal life cycle.
d) Pollination does not require the fusion of any cells,
while fertilization does.
e) Pollination can directly result in dispersion of a
species to establish it in a new location, while
fertilization does not.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which one of the following statements describing
aspects of the angiosperm life cycle is FALSE?
a) The integuments act to protect the ovule, guide the entry
of the pollen tube, and form the coat of the seed.
b) The endosperm is triploid (3n), because two sperm
are used to form it during double fertilization.
c) The carpel is a modified leaf having ovules that produces
spores by meiosis.
d) The pollen grain is a multicellular gametophyte that
develops from a spore.
e) The ovule is an integumented spore-producing structure
that ultimately develops into a seed.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which one of the following statements describing
aspects of the angiosperm life cycle is FALSE?
a) The integuments act to protect the ovule, guide the entry
of the pollen tube, and form the coat of the seed.
b) The endosperm is triploid (3n), because two sperm
are used to form it during double fertilization.
c) The carpel is a modified leaf having ovules that produces
spores by meiosis.
d) The pollen grain is a multicellular gametophyte that
develops from a spore.
e) The ovule is an integumented spore-producing structure
that ultimately develops into a seed.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The gametophytic incompatibility system is used by many
plant species. Which choice correctly describes what it
does?
a) The megagametophytic plant prevents itself from carrying
out fertilization by inhibiting its production of an egg.
b) A sporophytic plant inhibits pollen tube growth of a
microgametophytic plant having certain alleles similar to
its own.
c)
Sperm from a microgametophtye are rejected by cells of the
megagametophyte and not used in fertilization.
d) Only pollination between closely related lines of plants occurs,
and outcrossing is prevented.
e) A diploid sporophytic plant is only able to produce spores with
genetic factors different from itself.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The gametophytic incompatibility system is used by many
plant species. Which choice correctly describes what it
does?
a) The megagametophytic plant prevents itself from carrying
out fertilization by inhibiting its production of an egg.
b) A sporophytic plant inhibits pollen tube growth of a
microgametophytic plant having certain alleles similar to
its own.
c)
Sperm from a microgametophtye are rejected by cells of the
megagametophyte and not used in fertilization.
d) Only pollination between closely related lines of plants occurs,
and outcrossing is prevented.
e) A diploid sporophytic plant is only able to produce spores with
genetic factors different from itself.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dandelions create offspring asexually, by apomixis, which then
disperse by the wind (see figure). What choice is a valid
statement about these fruits and the benefits of from their
dispersal?
a)
Each distinct seed has a different genetic combination, and
dispersal gives each a chance to get to a different suitable habitat.
b)
Some will arrive at, and grow in, an area that is suitable
for the genetic combination shared by all these offspring.
c)
Dispersing widely promotes more outcrossing and increases the
genetic diversity in the population overall.
d)
Each fruit can fragment into other smaller fruits, increasing the
number of individuals being dispersed.
e)
Some of the seeds will
mutate during their dispersal,
making them more fit to survive.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dandelions create offspring asexually, by apomixis, which then
disperse by the wind (see figure). What choice is a valid
statement about these fruits and the benefits of from their
dispersal?
a)
Each distinct seed has a different genetic combination, and
dispersal gives each a chance to get to a different suitable habitat.
b) Some will arrive at, and grow in, an area that is suitable
for the genetic combination shared by all these offspring.
c)
Dispersing widely promotes more outcrossing and increases the
genetic diversity in the population overall.
d)
Each fruit can fragment into other smaller fruits, increasing the
number of individuals being dispersed.
e)
Some of the seeds will
mutate during their dispersal,
making them more fit to survive.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a reproductive process creates something that may grow into a
new individual, and if sexual processes have at least the
potential to create new genetic combinations, then which of the
following choices is neither “reproductive” nor “sexual”?
a) the release of several plantlets from the edge of a leaf of a
Kalanchoë plant
b) the fusion of gametes to create a zygote
c)
production of a megaspore in an ovule by meiosis
d) the dispersal of a fruit with its seeds far from the
tree where it was formed
e) microspore formation by meiosis in the anther sacs of stamen
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a reproductive process creates something that may grow into a
new individual, and if sexual processes have at least the
potential to create new genetic combinations, then which of the
following choices is neither “reproductive” nor “sexual”?
a) the release of several plantlets from the edge of a leaf of a
Kalanchoë plant
b) the fusion of gametes to create a zygote
c)
production of a megaspore in an ovule by meiosis
d) the dispersal of a fruit with its seeds far from the tree
where it was formed
e) microspore formation by meiosis in the anther sacs of stamen
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following biotechnological manipulations
of plants is NOT focused on improving either the quality
or quantity of food production?
a) altering the expression of genes in potatoes and in
their relatives to lower the production of toxins
b) the creation of genetically modified poplar trees
to produce more biomass for biofuel production
c) making a plant species more resistant to a virus by
the introduction of selected genetic elements
d) adding synthesis pathways to a crop species so
that it contains more of a desired vitamin precursor
e) introduction of new genes into a crop species to
make it resistant to insect herbivory
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following biotechnological manipulations
of plants is NOT focused on improving either the quality
or quantity of food production?
a) altering the expression of genes in potatoes and in
their relatives to lower the production of toxins
b) the creation of genetically modified poplar trees
to produce more biomass for biofuel production
c) making a plant species more resistant to a virus by
the introduction of selected genetic elements
d) adding synthesis pathways to a crop species so
that it contains more of a desired vitamin precursor
e) introduction of new genes into a crop species to make
it resistant to insect herbivory
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.