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CHAPTER 13
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
CHAPTER 13
• DESCRIBES HOW TO CARE FOR
SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS.
• IT ALSO DESCRIBES HOW TO TAKE
CARE OF THE TEETH, EYES, AND
EARS.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT KIND OF
PERSONAL CARE DO YOU DO?
LESSON 1
• PROPER CARE OF SKIN, HAIR, AND
NAILS IS IMPORTANT FOR KEEPING
THE WHOLE BODY HEALTHY
• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE THE
BENEFITS OF SUNSCREEN?
LESSON 1
HEALTHY SKIN,HAIR,AND
NAILS
• BIG IDEA-CARE FOR THE
SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS IS
NECESSARY FOR GOOD HEALTH
• THE SKIN PROTECTS THE BODY
PATHOGENS,REGULATES BODY
TEMPERATURE, AND FEELS
SENSATIONS.
YOUR SKIN
• SKIN PROTECTS YOU FROM
PATHOGENS, REGULATES YOUR
BODY TEMPERATURE, AND HELPS
YOU FEEL SENSATIONS.
• SKIN-IS THE LARGEST ORGAN ON
THE BODY.
• SKIN CONSISTS OF 2 MAIN LAYERS
• EPIDERMIS-IS THE OUTER,THINNER
LAYER OF THE SKIN.
• DERMIS-IS THE THICKER LAYER OF
SKIN BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS
THAT IS MADE UP OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE AND CONTAINS BLOOD
VESSELS AND NERVES.
• LIPIDS-CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS
THAT MAKES IT WATERPROOF.
• MELANIN-A PIGMENT THAT GIVES
THE SKIN,HAIR,AND IRIS OF THEIR
EYES THEIR COLOR.
• THE MORE MELANIN YOU HAVE IN
YOUR SKIN THE DARKER THE SKIN.
THE SKIN PERFORMS 3 MAIN
FUNCTIONS:
1. PROTECTION-PROTECTS YOU
FROM PATHOGENS AND
INTERNAL DAMAGE. SKIN
REPAIRS ITSELF TO KEEP
PATHOGENS FROM ENTERING THE
BODY.
2.TEMPERATURE CONTROL-AS BODY
TEMPERATURE BEGINS TO RISE,
THE BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR
SKIN DILATE, ALLOWING HEAT TO
ESCAPE THROUGH THE SKIN’S
SURFACE. SWEAT GLANDS –COOL
THE SKIN.
• 3.SENSATION-SKIN IS A MAJOR
SENSE ORGAN.
• STUDY THE SKIN DIAGRAM PAGE
357.
• SEBACEOUS GLANDS-STRUCTURES
WITHIN THE SKIN THAT PRODUCE
AN OILY SECRETION CALLED
SEBUM.
KEEP YOUR SKIN
HEALTHY
• 1.WASH WITH MILD SOAP AND
WATER
• 2.AVOID TOUCHING YOUR FACE
WITH HANDS, BECAUSE YOU
HANDS HAVE BACTERIA.
• CHOOSE PERSONAL SKIN CARE
PRODUCTS
• WELL BALANCED EATING PLAN
• UV PROTECTION-SUNTAN IS
DAMAGED SKIN FROM UV
RADIATION
• CAN LEAD TO SKIN CANCER
• WEAR SUNSCREEN
• WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
• WEAR SUNGLASSES
• AVOID TANNING BEDS
• BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING
• PERAMENT
• POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS-BREAKS
THE PHYSICAL BARRIER OF THE
SKIN
• INFECTIONS LIMIT JOB
OPPORTUNITIES
RELATIONSHIPS
• HEPATITIS
• SKIN PROBLEMS
• AFFECT SELF IMAGE
• COMMON SKIN PROBLEMS
1. ACNE-WHEN PORES IN THE SKIN
ARE CLOGGED,BACTERIA CAUSES
INFLAMMATION, AND PUS FORMS.
TOUCHING AND PICKING MAY
CAUSE SCARRING.
• 2.WARTS-ARE CAUSED BY A VIRUS.
• 3.DERMATITIS OR ECZEMAINFLAMED OR SCALY PATCH OF
SKIN.
• 4.FUNGAL INFECTIONS-RINGWORM
AND ATHLETE’S FOOT ARE
INFECTIONS THAT SPREAD BY
CONTACT WITH SKIN.
• 5.BOILS- THESE FORM WHEN HAIR
FOLLICLES –SACS OR CAVITIES
THAT SURROUND THE ROOTS OF
HAIRS-BECOME INFECTED.
• 6.VITILIGO-CONDITION THAT
PATCHES OF SKIN LOSE MELANIN
AND HAVE NO PIGMENT.
• 7.MOLES-CERTAIN TYPES MAY
CAUSE MELANOMA
• MOST SERIOUS FORM OF SKIN
CANCER.
• LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE
360.
• SEVERE ACNE SHOULD ALWAYS BE
TREATED BY A DERMATOLOGIST.
YOUR HAIR
• YOUR HAIR PROTECTS YOUR SKIN
FROM UV RADIATION AND HELPS
MAINTAIN BODY HEAT.
• HAIR GROWS ON EVERY SURFACE
OF THE SKIN EXCEPT FOR THE
PALMS OF YOUR HAND AND THE
SOLES OF YOUR FEET.
• HAIR IS COMPOSED OF DEAD CELLS
,LIVING CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS
MAKE NEW HAIRS AND CAUSE
HAIR GROWTH.
• EYEBROWS AND EYELASHES
PROTECTS THE EYES FROM DUST
AND OTHER PARTICLES.
• KEEPS HEAT IN.
• REGULAR SHAMPOOING WILL
KEEP YOUR HAIR HEALTHY.
• HEATING HAIR ITEMS WILL MAKE
YOUR HAIR BRITTLE AND DRY.
• HAIR PROBLEMS
• DANDRUFF-THE DEAD SKIN CELLS
THAT ARE SHED AS STICKY WHITE
FLAKES WHEN THE SCALP IS TOO
DRY.
• HEAD LICE-ARE TINY PARASITIC
INSECTS THAT ARE LIVE IN THE
SCALP HAIR OF HUMANS. THEY
FEED ON THE BLOOD FROM THE
SCALP.
• LICE CAN INFECT ANYONE.
• USE MEDICATED SHAMPOO CAN
KILL ORGANISMS. MUST CLEAN
EVERYTHING!!!
YOUR NAILS
• NAILS HELP PROTECT YOUR
FINGERS AND TOES.
• NAILS- ARE MADE OF CLOSELY
PACKED DEAD CELLS THAT
CONTAIN KERATIN.
• KEEP THEM CLEAN AND EVENLY
TRIMMED.
• TRIM TOENAILS STRAIGHT ACROSS
TO REDUCE A RISK OF INGROWN
LESSON 2
HEALTHY TEETH AND
MOUTH
• BIG IDEA-YOUR TEETH AND
MOUTH NEED CARE TO FUNCTION
WELL AND KEEP YOU HEALTHY.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT DOES IT MEAN
TO HAVE HEALTHY TEETH?
YOUR TEETH
• EVERY TOOTH HAS 3 PARTS.
• HEALTHY TEETH IMPORTANT FOR
YOUR APPEARANCE.
• BREAK DOWN FOOD
• SHAPE YOU MOUTH
PARTS OF A TOOTH
• PERIODONTIUM-IS THE AREA
IMMEDIATELY AROUND THE
TOOTH.
• IT IS MADE UP OF THE
GUM,PERIODONTAL
LIGAMENTS,AND THE JAWBONE.
• SUPPORT THE TOOTH AND HOLD
IT IN PLACE.
TOOTH
• 3 MAIN PARTS
• CROWN,NECK,ROOT
• CROWN-IS THE VISIBLE PORTION
OF THE TOOTH.
• IT IS PROTECTED WITH ENAMEL, A
HARD SUBSTANCE MADE OF
CALCIUM.
• DENTIN- LAYER BENEATH THE
ENAMEL, A LAYER OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT
CONTRIBUTES TO THE SHAPE AND
HARDNESS OF THE TOOTH.
• PULP-IS THE TISSUE THAT
CONTAINS THE BLOOD VESSELS
AND NERVES OF A TOOTH.
• STUDY THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 364.
• THE NECK OF THE TOOTH IS
BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE
ROOT.
• KEEPING YOUR TEETH AND
MOUTH HEALTHY
• YOU CAN MAKE CHOICES THAT
HELP KEEP YOUR TEETH AND
MOUTH CLEAN AND HEALTHY.
• ORAL HYGIENE-BRUSHING AND
FLOSSING YOUR TEETH.
• ACID BREAKS DOWN THE ENAMEL
AND TOOTH DECAY OCCURS
WHEN THE ENAMEL IS
DESTROYED.
• PLAQUE-IS A COMBINATION OF
BACTERIA AND OTHER PARTICLES
SUCH AS SMALL BITS OF FOOD.
• PLAQUE BUILDS UP AND CAUSE A
CAVITY AND IF THE DECAY
SPREADS DOWN TO THE PULP THE
TOOTH WILL HAVE TO BE
REMOVED.
• VISIT A DENTIST REGULARLY AND
KEEP YOUR TEETH AND GUMS
HEALTHY.
TOOTH AND MOUTH
PROBLEMS
• NEGLECTING YOUR TEETH CAN
RESULT IN PROBLEMS.
1. HALITOSIS-BAD BREATH
2. PERIODONTAL DISEASE-AN
INFLAMMATION OF THE
PERIODONTAL STRCTURES-IS
CAUSED BY BACTERIAL
INFECTION.
• TARTAR-A HARD CRUSTLIKE
STRUCTURE.-WHEN PLAQUE
HARDENS.
• GINGIVITIS-GUMS ARE IRRITATED
AND SWOLLEN.
• 3. MALOCCLUSION-A
MISALIGNMENT OF THE UPPER
AND LOWER TEETH OR BAD BITE.
• 4. IMPACTED WISDOM TEETHSOMETIMES CROWD AND PUSH ON
THE OTHER TEETH OR BECOME
INFECTED.
LESSON 3
HEALTHY EYES AND EARS
• BIG IDEA-EYES AND EARS ARE
SENSITIVE ORGANS THAT NEED
PROTECTIVE CARE.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE SOME
STRUCTURES OF THE EYE?
YOUR EYES
• THE EYES AND THEIR SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES ARE COMPLEX PARTS.
• MOST OF THE SENSORY
INFORMATION THAT TRAVELS TO
YOUR BRAIN COMES FROM LIGHT
SIGNALS RECEIVED BY YOUR EYES.
• LACRIMAL GLAND-SECRETES
TEARS INTO THE EYE THROUGH
DUCTS.
• TEARS ARE MADE OF WATER,
SALTS,MUCUS, AND A SUBSTANCE
THAT PROTECTS THE EYE FROM
INFECTION.
• PARTS OF THE EYE
• THE EYE CONSISTS OF THE OPTIC
NERVE AND 3 LAYERS OF THE
EYEBALL WALL.
• THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE
EYE IS MADE UP OF THE SCLERA
AND THE CORNEA.
• SCLERA-THE WHITE PART OF THE
EYE-IS COMPOSED OF
TOUGH,FIBROUS TISSUE THAT
PROTECTS THE INNER LAYERS OF
THE EYE AND SUPPORTS AND
SHAPES THE EYEBALL.
• CORNEA-IS A TRANSPARENT
TISSUE THAT BENDS AND FOCUSES
LIGHT BEFORE IT ENTERS THE
LENS.
• CHOROID-THE MIDDLE LAYER OD
THE EYE.
• IRIS- COLORED PORTION OF THE
EYE.
• PUPIL-IS THE HOLE THROUGH
WHICH LIGHT REACHES THE
INNER EYE.
• THE MUSCLES OF THE IRIS
CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL.
• EX. WITH LIGHTS ON AND OFF
• RETINA-IS THE INNER LAYER IF
THE EYE WALL.
• CONTAINS MILLIONS OF LIGHT
SENSITIVE CELLS.
• RODS-ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO
LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE DIM
LIGHT.
• CONES-FUNCTION IN BRIGHT
LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE
COLOR.
• OPTIC NERVE- IS THE NERVE
IMPULSES TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN
THROUGH THE OPTIC NERVE
WHICH IS LOCATED AT THE BACK
OF THE EYE.
• LENS-IS LOCATED BEHIND THE IRIS
AND THE PUPIL.
• AQUEOUS HUMOR-IS THE ARE
BETWEEN THE CORNEA AND THE
LENS.
• IT IS A WATERY FLUID WHICH
PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE EYE.
• VITREOUS HUMOR-IS LOCATED
BETWEEN THE LENS AND RETINA
THERE IS A CAVITY FILLED THIS
GELATIN LIKE SUBSTANCE.
• HELPS THE EYEBALL STAY FIRM
AND THE EYE ITS SHAPE.
VISION
• WHEN LIGHT PASSES THROUGH
THE CORNEA,PUPIL,AND LENS TO
REACH THE RETINA, AN IMAGE IS
FORMED.
• THE BRAIN TRANSLATES THE
NERVE IMPULSES INTO IMAGES
THAT YOU RECOGNIZE.
• NORMAL VISION IS 20/20
• 20 FEET FROM AN EYE CHART AND
READ THE TOP 8 LINES.
• 2 COMMON VISION DISORDERS
• NEARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE
FAR AWAY
• FARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE
CLOSE UP.
• 20/60 VISION IS NEARSIGHTED
• STUDY THE CHART ON PAGE 370
• EYE PROBLEMS
• KEEPING YOUR EYES HEALTHY
• MAKING HEALTHY CHOICES WILL
KEEP YOUR EYES HEALTHY.
1. FOLLOW A WELL-BALANCED
EATING PLAN
2. PROTECT YOUR EYES
3. REST YOUR EYES REGULARLY
4. GET REGULAR EYE EXAMS
YOUR EARS
• THE INNER, MIDDLE, AND OUTER
EAR WORK TOGETHER SO YOU
CAN HEAR.
• BELLRINGER
• WHAT IS HEARING?
• THE EAR CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3
MAIN SECTIONS.
• THE OUTER EAR-IS THE VISIBLE
PART OF THE EAR., CALLED THE
AURICLE.
• AURICLE CHALLENGES SOUND
WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL
AUDITORY CANAL , APASSAGE
WAY ABOUT 1 INCH LONG.
• THE CANAL LEADS TO THE
REMAINING PORTION OF THE
OUTER EAR CALLED THE
EARDRUM.
• EARDRUM-IS A THIN MEMBRANE
THAT ACTS AS A BARRIER
BETWEEN THE OUTER AND MIDDLE
EAR.
• THE MIDDLE EAR-DIRECTLY
BEHIND THE EARDRUM THERE ARE
3 SMALL BONES LINKED TOGETHER
THAT CONNECT THE EARDRUM TO
THE INNER EAR. HAMMER, AVIL,
STIRRUP(AUDITORY OSSICLES)
• STIRRUP- SMALLEST BONE IN THE
BODY.
• MIDDLE EAR CONNECTED TO THE
THROAT-SWALLOW \YAWN
EQUALIZES PRESSURE ON EACH
SIDE OF THE EARDRUM.
• THE INNER EAR-CONSISTS OF
NETWORK OF CURVED AND SPIRAL
PASSAGES THAT CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO 3 MAIN PARTS.
• COCHLEA-A SPIRAL SHAPED
CANAL, IS THE AREA OF HEARING
IN THE INNER EAR.
• VESTIBULE AND THE
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ARE
WHERE BALANCE IS CONTROLLED.
HEARING AND BALANCE
• RECEPTORS-IN YOUR INNER EAR
STIMULATED BY A SOUND WAY.
• IMPULSE IS SENT TO THE BRAINAUDITORY NERVE.
• THE BRAIN MAKES ADJUSTMENTS
TO MAINTAIN BALANCE.
KEEPING YOUR EARS
HEALTHY
• CARING OF YOUR EARS HELPS
PREVENT
IRRITATION,INJURY,INFECTION,
AND DAMAGE TO THE EARS, AS
WELL AS HEARING LOSS.
• IF YOU HAVE AN EAR INFECTION
SEE A DOCTOR.
• MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS CAN
DAMAGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE
EAR.
• PROTECT EARS IN COLD WEATHER
• KEEP FOREIGN
OBJECTS,INCLUDING COTTONTIPPED SWABS, OUT OF THE EAR
CANAL.
PREVENTING HEARING
LOSS
• EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES CAN
LEAD TO TEMPORARY AND
SOMETIMES PERMANENT HEARING
LOSS,OR DEAFNESS, OVER TIME.
• CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSSSOUND WAVES ARE NOT PASSED
FROM THE OUTER EAR TO THE
INNER EAR. EX. MIDDLE-EAR
INFECTIONS.
• SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSSBIRTH DEFECT,EXPOSURE TO
NOISE,GROWING OLDER,AND
MEDICATION PROBLEMS.
• TINNITUS-A CONDITION IN WHICH
A
RINGING,BUZZING,WHISTLING,RO
ARING,HISSING, OR OTHER SOUND
IS HEARD IN THE EAR.