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DO NOW Open your books to Chapter 13 Section 2 page 460 Use this section to help answer the worksheet WORLD WAR II BEGINS Essential Question: What steps led to War in Europe during the 1930’s? The beginning In 1935 Hitler began to defy the Treaty of Versailles He declared that Germany would build up its Army and create an Air Force Other European countries knew that they had to do something but where scared of another war. In 1937 Hitler calls for the unification of all German speaking people. Hitler was focusing on Austria and Czechoslovakia and declared that he would use force if necessary. Despite the Austrian government trying to stall the Germans, Hitler sent troops and announced the Anschluss or Unification of the two countries The Munich Conference Hitler then claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland which was part of Czechoslovakia France threatened to fight Germany if it tried to gain the Sudetenland by force So the Munich Conference was called by Britain, France, and Italy along with Germany The Munich Conference At the Conference it was decided that to prevent war they would give in to Hitler’s demands This was a policy of appeasement Czechoslovakia was told that they should give up the Sudetenland or face Germany alone. Hitler demands more Right after the Munich Conference Hitler began to demand land from Poland This convinced France and Britain that a war was coming and appeasement had failed On March 31st, 1939 Britain and France declared that if Poland was attacked they would help protect Poland. The Nonaggression pact Hitler began to prepare his military for war, while at the same time trying to form a treaty with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany and secretly divide Poland between the two countries The Soviet Union felt that by having the other capitalist countries fighting they would remain safe. Poland falls In September of 1939 Germany invaded Poland Britain and France then declared war on Germany, starting WWII The Polish military was not strong and was defeated by the German’s Blitzkrieg or Lighting Warfare The war expands Britain sent troops into France and waited for Germany to attack After WWI France had built the Maginot line along the German border, a line of concrete bunkers This however would prove to be a disaster for France The invasion of France These Maginot lines only protected the German-French border, so Hitler simply went around To get to France Hitler invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. France sent troops to defend the Belgium open border, but Hitler was one step ahead. He sent his tanks through the mountains, catching the French and British off guard The miracle of Dunkirk The French and British stuck out of position and were being forced north They were cornered in the last French port of Dunkirk It appeared as though Germany would wipe out the remaining British and French troops with his tanks Miracle at Dunkrik Despite having the French and British at his will, Hitler for still unknown reasons ordered the troops to stop. For three days Hitler held up his own troops. This allowed 338,000 French and British ships to escape on civilian and military ships back to Britain. The Fall of France This left France without any protection and they were forced to surrender 3 weeks later. Germany now control most of France and set up a Puppet Government to rule over the rest of France. With France gone in a matter of weeks Hitler expected Britain to give up without a fight. Winston Churchill Germany underestimated the bravery of the British people and their new leader. Winston Churchill was the new Prime Minister and he gave a defiant and strong speech to the British people. This made Hitler convinced he had to attack Britain The Battle of Britain Hitler wanted to invade Britain but crossing the English channel proved difficult. The British Royal Air force could easily sink any German transport ships Hitler therefore focused on destroying the British Royal Air force in what became known as the Battle of Britain. The Battle of Britain The Luftwaffe began to bomb British military post which held the Royal Air Force The British were able stop some of the attacks with a new invention Radar stations were placed across Britain and were able to detect incoming attacks