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US HISTORY Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1770 Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Roanoke (NC) 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh started this settlement with 100 men on island off the coast of North Carolina...rough first winter, abandoned settlement and returned to England 1587 – Raleigh tries again...takes 91 men, 17 women, & 9 children back to Roanoke John White’s (leader of the group) daughter gives birth to first English child born in North America (child’s name was Virginia Dare) Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Roanoke (NC) Group runs low on supplies, White returns to England but when arrives, Queen Elizabeth takes his ship for the war with Spain...he was supposed to return to Roanoke within a few months but it took three years instead When White returned, colony was abandoned...only clue was the word “CROATOAN” carved on a post...colonists were never seen again Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Jamestown (VA) Failure at Roanoke discouraged new colonies for years 1606 – group of English merchants/businessmen (Virginia Company of London) received a charter (document from King James to organize a settlement) for a colony in North America...left England in December Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Jamestown (VA) April 1607 – three ships (Susan Constant, Godspeed, & Discovery) arrive in Chesapeake Bay & sailed up one of the rivers until they found a suitable spot for settlement Named the settlement “Jamestown” and the river the “James River” Very difficult to survive...Capt. John Smith made the colonists work (farm, hunt, build shelter) instead of just search for gold JAMESTOWN Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Jamestown (VA) Smith leaves & goes back to England...without him, colonists go through the “starving time” winter of 1609-1610 plus fighting with Natives Colonists eventually discovered a profitable crop...tobacco Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Stop at 8:20 Lesson 1 – Early English Settlements Virginia Relations with Natives improved after John Rolfe married local native named Pocahontas Land ownership expanded when VA Company gave a headright (land grant of 50 acres) to settlers who paid for their voyage to America House of Burgesses (1619) – first representative govt. in the colonies Lesson 2 – New England Colonies Religious Freedom in England King Henry VIII wants a divorce...Pope says no 1534 – Henry breaks away from Catholic Church...forms the Anglican Church Not everyone agreed with this Catholics – still considered the Pope their spiritual leader Protestants Puritans – wanted to reform the Anglican church Separatists – wanted to leave and set up their own church Lesson 2 – New England Colonies The Pilgrims Some Separatists left England & moved to the Netherlands Didn’t like the Netherlands...wanted to move again Made arrangement with VA Company Separatists could settle in VA & practice their faith freely Separatists would pay VA Company a portion of profits they made Lesson 2 – New England Colonies The Pilgrims Separatists considered themselves “Pilgrims” because their journey had a religious purpose Mayflower Leaves Sept. 1620 35/102 passengers were “Pilgrims” Remaining passengers were called “strangers” Years later, all the passengers became referred to as “Pilgrims” Lesson 2 – New England Colonies The Pilgrims Landed in Plymouth, MA Plymouth was outside VA and VA laws so they developed the Mayflower Compact (document outlining their loyalty and plan of govt.) Lesson 2 – New England Colonies The Pilgrims of 1620/1621 nearly half of the colony died Spring 1621 – two local Native Americans (Squanto & Samoset) helped the colonists by showing them how to farm, hunt, & fish...also helped the Pilgrims live peacefully alongside the Wampanoag tribe Winter Lesson 2 – New England Colonies Other Colonies Massachusetts Plymouth (1620) was the first settlement Boston (1630) also founded for religious freedom (by John Winthrop) Great Migration (1630s) – more than 15,000 Puritans move to MA for religious freedom Although based on religious freedom, Puritans were not tolerant of other faiths Lesson 2 – New England Colonies Other Colonies Connecticut Founded in 1636 when Rev. Thomas Hooker took his congregation south of MA Started the town of Hartford 1639 – Hartford, Windsor, & Wethersfield formed the colony of Connecticut...adopted a plan of govt. called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (first written constitution in America) Lesson 2 – New England Colonies Other Colonies Rhode Island Established by Roger Williams (banished from MA) Williams founded the town of Providence Becomes first place in America where all faiths – including Jews – could worship freely Lesson 2 – New England Colonies Conflict w/ Native Americans In some areas, Natives & Colonists coexisted...trade partners 1636 – Pequot and settlers in New England fight, hundreds are killed 1675 – Metacomet (aka King Philip) wanted to stop colonists from moving on to native lands...forms alliances with other natives to fight “King Philip’s War” vs. colonists, colonists win enables them to really expand their territory and power in New England Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies New York Originally founded by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam Had an excellent harbor & river trade English had colonies to the North (MA, NH, CT, RI) and the South (MD, VA) and wanted New Amsterdam 1664 – English send a fleet of ships to attack New Amsterdam, Dutch surrender English King Charles II gives the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renames it New York Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies New Jersey Was originally part of New York Named after the island of Jersey (in English Channel) To attract settlers, NJ promised freedom of religion, trial by jury, & a representative assembly Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Penn wanted the colony to be a safe place for Quakers “Quakers” – believed everyone was equal, could follow their own “inner light” to reach salvation (didn’t need clergy), and they were pacifists (people who refuse to fight in wars) Lesson 3 – Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Penn believed the land belonged to Native Americans & settlers should pay for it...he negotiated several treaties with the Natives Several southern counties eventually formed their own legislature, broke away, and became Delaware Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Maryland Started by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Colony began as a safe haven for Catholics Border dispute between MD & PA leads to formation of Mason-Dixon Line Surveyors Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon mapped the boundary b/w the two colonies Eventually, Protestants took control of MD & made Anglican Church the official church Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion Occurs in VA VA Gov tells settlers to stop moving west (onto Native American land) Western settlers didn’t like VA govt. b/c it was dominated by Easterners Western settlers ignored Gov’s request and move west...they then complained when govt. didn’t protect them from Native attacks Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion – Nathaniel Bacon (western farmer) leads attacks on Native American villages, continues on to Jamestown...Bacon dies unexpectedly or he may have taken over VA...English troops are called in to restore order Bacon’s Rebellion shows that settlers won’t be limited to the coast 1676 Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies The Carolinas Originally formed in 1663 as one colony called “Carolina” Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land” (King Charles II) northern Carolina’s main exports were tobacco, timber, & tar southern Carolina’s were rice & indigo Slave labor was very important to rice crops 1729 – Carolina is officially split into North & South Carolina Lesson 4 – Southern Colonies Georgia Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe (last British colony in America) Set up as a place where debtors could get a fresh start British officials also wanted it as a first line of defense b/w Spanish Florida and the rest of the colonies Oglethorpe built forts and the town of Savannah to defend against the Spanish