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Mathematics
BY: LEONARDO BENEDITT
What is Math?
Mathematics is the science and study of quantity, structure, space, and
change. Mathematicians seek out patterns, formulate new conjectures,
and establish truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen
axioms and definitions.
 There is debate over whether mathematical objects such as numbers and
points exist naturally or are human creations. The mathematician
Benjamin Peirce called mathematics "the science that draws necessary
conclusions". Albert Einstein, on the other hand, stated that "as far as the
laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as
they are certain, they do not refer to reality."
 Through the use of abstraction and logical reasoning, mathematics
evolved from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic
study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Practical mathematics
has been a human activity for as far back as written records go.
 Today, mathematics is used throughout the world as an essential tool in
many fields, including natural science, engineering, medicine, and the
social sciences. Applied mathematics, the branch of mathematics
concerned with application of mathematical knowledge to other fields,
inspires and makes use of new mathematical discoveries and sometimes
leads to the development of entirely new disciplines. Mathematicians also
engage in pure mathematics, or mathematics for its own sake, without
having any application in mind, although practical applications for what
began as pure mathematics are often discovered later

Math History
Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written
examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few
locales. The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322
(Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC), the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus
(Egyptian mathematics c. 1850 BC), and the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
(Egyptian mathematics c. 1650 BC). All of these texts concern the so-called
Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread
mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry.
 The Greek and Hellenistic contribution, influenced as it was by Egyptian and
Babylonian mathematics, is generally considered the most important for
greatly refining the methods (especially the introduction of mathematical rigor
in proofs) and expanding the subject matter of mathematics.[1] Islamic
mathematics, in turn, developed and expanded the mathematics known to
these ancient civilizations. Many Greek and Arabic texts on mathematics were
then translated into Latin, which led to further development of mathematics in
medieval Europe.
 From ancient times through the Middle Ages, bursts of mathematical creativity
were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy
in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new
scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues
to the present day.

Problems
 http://scienceblogs.com/goodmath/2008/12/why_
math.php
Problems
Mathematics is considered perfect by most individuals. It is said that Math is
able to explain a vast majority of natural phenomena, but even through this
perfection, chaos and fallacies can be found. Math is “tormented” by three
main limitations, which are not comprehended by most people.
 The first limitation of Mathematics is Infinity. Due to infinity Mathematics is
condemned to never be able to prove its theories and theorems. Humans
cannot calculate the properties and interaction of huge numbers making it
impossible for Mathematicians to generalize trends and behavior into laws
maintaining them simply as theories and theorems.
 The second limitation of Mathematics is the existence of Imaginary
Numbers. Imaginary numbers cannot be understood, cannot be predicted,
and cannot even be placed on an ordinary number line. Imaginary Numbers
can cause a lot of ambiguity and controversy in Mathematics, since many
people hind them extremely useful while others cannot find the reason for
their existence.
 The third limitation of Mathematics is the randomness and chaos seen in the
universe. Many things in the universe cannot be predicted or understood,
due to that they are regulated by chaos, making mathematics useless in such
situations and conditions. The branch of Math that tries to understand these
chaotic sides of the universe and in some way organize what seems to have
no order is called the Chaos Theory of Mathematics.

Problems
 Boring and difficult to understand
 Infinity and imaginary numbers= there are caotic
numbers and factors in it
 Statistics and probability are only theoretical and
aren’t useful to predict the why of reallife results
 Human error can cause mayor mathematical
misshaps
Multimedia
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMgb39KBsl4
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMioi1fQ--
k&feature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUVkrU1Dvw&feature=related
Articles
 John Nash's biography: http://www.gap-
system.org/~history/Biographies/Nash.html
 Math is a Real Brain Bender
JOKES
 Q: What is the most erotic number?
A: 2110593!
Q: Why?
A: When 2 are 1 and don't pay at10tion, they'll know
within 5 weeks whether or not, after 9 months,
they'll be 3...