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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Bellringer: What do you think reproduction means? REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 What Reproductive System #1 does… • Works to produce sperm and deliver it to the reproductive system #2 • Sperm – sex cells that are produced by the testes and that is needed to fertilize an egg • Eggs (ova) – sex cells produced by the ovaries that can be fertilized by sperm • Fertilization – the process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic material join to create a new human life • Reproduction – the process of producing a new human REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 • Testes (Testicle) • Reproductive organs that make sperm and testosterone • Produce several hundred million sperm each day • The 2 testes rest in the scrotum • Scrotum - Skin-covered sac that hangs from the body • Small muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer or farther from the body – help regulate temperature of sperm REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Penis • The reproductive organ that removes urine and releases sperm from the body. • Made of soft tissue and blood vessels • During sexual activity, the penis becomes erect or firm • Ejaculation – occurs when sperm are released from the penis after sexual excitement • Foreskin – a sheath of skin that covers the tip of the penis • Circumcision – surgery to remove foreskin REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Epididymis and Vas Deferens • Epididymis – tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored • Vas Deferens – a long tube where sperm mix with fluids made by three accessory reproductive organs REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Seminal Vesicles • Produce thick secretions that nourish the sperm and help sperm move easier • Found near the base of the urinary bladder REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Prostate Gland • A gland in males that adds fluids that nourish and protect sperm when the sperm are in the reproductive system #2. • Secretes a thin, milky fluid that protects the sperm from acid in the reproductive system #2 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 Testosterone • A hormone made by the testes REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 What happens if sperm get too hot? • Sperm made at high temperatures are defective and cannot fertilize eggs. What 3 parts make up the sperm? What is the function of each part? • the head contains substances that help the sperm enter the egg. • the mid piece contains structures that release the energy needed for the trip through reproductive system #2. • the tail is made of proteins that help the sperm move. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 How long does it take an immature sperm to mature? • An immature sperm takes 2 – 10 days to fully mature. What 3 organs add fluid to the sperm? • The seminal vesicle, bulbourethral glands (Cowpers glands) and the prostate gland What prevents urine and semen from going through the penis at the same time? • A flap in the urethra prevents urine and semen from going through the penis at the same time. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #1 What are some signs that a person with reproductive system #1 is going through puberty? • Shoulders get wider • The muscles get larger • Hair grows on the face and other parts of the body • The voice deepens • At this time testosterone also causes the body to start making sperm REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 List 5 things you know about the reproductive system with a vagina and ovaries. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 • What Reproductive System #2 does • The function is to make eggs and provide a place to support and nourish a developing human 6th Grade REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 Ovaries – The reproductive organs that produce eggs • Eggs (ova) – sex cells that are produced by the ovaries and can be fertilized by sperm • All of the eggs a person with reproductive system #2 will ever have, are in the 2 ovaries when the person born – Make the hormones estrogen and progesterone • Regulates the monthly release of an egg and prepares the body for pregnancy REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 Vagina and Urethra • Vagina • Reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus • Receives sperm during reproduction • Urethra • Located above and separate from the vagina- carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 Fallopian Tubes and Uterus • Fallopian Tubes • The reproductive organs that transport an egg from the ovary to the uterus • Uterus • Reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human • Muscular cavity the size of a fist HOW THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WORKS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 Menstrual Cycle A monthly series of hormone controlled changes that prepare the uterine lining for a pregnancy • Ovulation- the release of an egg from a follicle in the ovary • High levels of estrogen and progesterone thicken and maintain the uterine lining • If pregnancy does not occur-estrogen and progesterone levels quickly fall • Menstruation- breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina • Usually lasts between 3-7 days REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 Menstrual Cycle can vary • Average cycle is 28 days • Can vary from one individual to another and from month to month • Ovulation usually occurs on the 14th day • Environmental factors can influence the timing of a cycle • • • • • • Stress Weight gain or loss Travel Exercise Diet Illness REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM #2 • Discussion Questions – Describe the pathway an egg takes after it is released from an ovary. – Summarize the steps of the menstrual cycle.