Download Judicial Review laws acts interpret Constitution - PAMS-Hart

Judicial Branch Powers
Interpret laws
• ___________
– Do laws fit within U.S. Constitution guidelines
Trials
• Conduct __________
• Protect the ________
rights of citizens brought
before the Court
• Rule on _____________
Constitutional questions
Jurisdiction
• Original Jurisdiction
– Hear cases for the first time. This is where the
trial takes place.
• Appellate Jurisdiction
– Hear only cases on appeal from lower courts.
“Review” the trial of a lower court. This is not
a new trial.
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Federal Court System
U.S. District Court
LOWEST
________ level of the federal court system
ONEU.S. District court
Each state has at least ____
JURY
The only federal court where there are ______
trials
ORIGINAL jurisdiction”- hear cases
• Have “____________
for the FIRST
______ time (before a case can be
heard by an appeals court or the Supreme
Court it must be heard in District court)
LIFE (unless they
• Judges are appointed for _______
are guilty of a serious crime)
Federal Court System:
U.S. Court of Appeals
• Level between the District Courts and Supreme
Court
12 Courts of Appeals. Each court
• There are ___
covers a ____________
(a geographical area of
Circuit
the U.S.). Virginia is in the 4th Circuit.
• Have “____________
Appellate Jurisdiction”- They hear
only cases on appeal from lower district courts.
request to a higher court to ______
reviewor
• Appeal- a ________
evidence or
retry a case due to reasons like new _________
the belief the judge did something __________
wrong
life
• Judges are appointed for ________
(unless they
are guilty of a serious crime).
Federal Court System:
U.S. Court of Appeals (cont)
trials
• There are no _________
in appeals court.
Groups of judges hears arguments from
lawyers from each side and _________
the
review
case. No ____________
witnesses
jury
• No __________
• Three possible outcomes
Uphold lower court decision
• ____________
Overturn lower court decision
• ____________
• ____________
Remand the case (return the case to the lower
court for a new trial)
U.S. Court of Appeals Circuits
Federal Court System:
Special Federal Courts
(info only, don’t write)
U.S. Tax Court
Appeals dealing with tax laws
U.S. Court of Federal Claims
Cases dealing with citizens who sue U.S. Gov.for
money
U.S. Court of Military Appeals
Appeals court for military
U.S. Court of International Trade
Hears cases about tariffs and trade laws
Federal Court System:
Supreme Court
Highest
• _____________
Court in the land
Appellate
• Has ____________
Jurisdiction- hears
appeals from lower courts. Does not hear
_____
cases appealed to the court. Supreme
all
appealed
Court decisions cannot be ___________
• Has __________
Jurisdiction in two
Original
instances: Court can hear cases involving
_____________
from foreign countries and
diplomats
cases in which a _________
is involved.
state
Supreme Court
Judicial
• Supreme Court has the power of “________
Review”- Court can review any federal or state
law to see if it agrees with the U.S.
________________.
Constitution
• If a law or action is in conflict with the
constitution
___________ (unconstitutional) the Supreme
nullify
Court can ____________
or cancel the law or
action
Marbury v. Madison
• U.S. Supreme Court case of early 1800s
which established the court’s power of
Review
_____________
_________
Judicial
– Review _____
laws and ______
acts to see if they fit
Constitution
within the _____________
• Case established the Supreme Court’s
power to ___________
the meaning of the
interpret
U.S. Constitution
Types of cases heard by
Federal Courts
disagree
• Civil cases- cases where two parties ______
over an issue.
• Criminal cases- cases in which the court
(judge or jury) determines if an individual has
________ a crime.
committed
• Cases involving the Federal governmentcases where the __________
government is one of the
parties involved
Types of cases heard by
Federal Courts
• Constitutional questions- if a party feels his or
her constitutional rights
_______ have been violated
• Disputes between citizens of different statesstate and
If one party is a resident of one ______
the other party is a resident of _________.
another
• Federal laws- cases where someone is accused
of ________
federal crimes. Also includes civil cases
Types of cases heard by
Federal Courts
foreign
• Disputes involving ___________
governments- cases involving a foreign
country and the U.S, an American citizen,
or an American company
• Admiralty and maritime law- cases
involving crimes or accidents on the
________________
high seas
• Cases involving foreign diplomats or U.S.
diplomats- cases where __________are
diplomats
accused of breaking U.S. laws.
Federal Crimes
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Accounting Fraud
Antitrust
Bank Fraud
Bankruptcy Fraud
Computer Crimes
Computer Hacking
Controlled Substance
Violations
Conspiracy
Corporate Crimes
Counterfeiting
Customs Violations
Drug Manufacturing
Drug Possession/Sales
Drug Trafficking
Espionage
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Export/Import Crimes
Gun Law Violations
Health Care Fraud
Immigration Law Violations
Internet Fraud
Kidnapping
Mail Fraud
Money Laundering
Multi-Level Marketing
Securities Fraud
Social Security Fraud
Tax Crimes
Terrorism
Weapons Charges
Wire fraud