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Ancient India
Present Day India
Landforms
• Brahmaputra River - the heavy rain cause the
river overflow its banks as it overflow the river
leaves the rich minerals it carried down from
Himalayas in the earth of the valley.
• Deccan Plateau - is fairly dry .There are few
river, but the monsoon provide most of the water.
Landforms
• Western Ghats - the wet climate encourage
the growth of the tropical plants.
• Eastern Ghats - the river rarely flood, but
they are not safe to travel.
Landforms
• Ganges River - as result, the northern plain
contain some of the most fertile farmland in
the world.
• Himalayas Mountain – they are the
highest
• mountain range in the world.
• Hindu Kush - is the trading section.
Landforms
• Invaders also used to pass although many
died in the mountains unforgiving landscape.
• Indus River - is important source of water for
the farm.
• Thar Desert - most of time, heat is
unbearable.
Advantages of Landforms
• They adapt to farming and trading in Hindu
Kush because they had rivers close by them
like Indus river and Ganges river.
• They had a lot of large bodies of water like
Indus River, Sarasvati , Ganges River,
Brahmaputra River.
Disadvantages of Landforms
• The disadvantages of landforms is that there is a good
chance of dying because the snow and ice permanently
over steep slopes and peaks.
• The invaders use it to pass ,although many died in the
mountains unforgiving landscape.
 The first civilization in India was the Indus
Valley Civilization around 2600 to 1700 B.C.
 India lasted from 5500 B.C.E to 1000 C.E.
 What caused India to rise was its trading &
weights.
 During India’s Golden Age, they created a strong government
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and at the same time, they granted significant independence to
local leaders.
This strategy created stability and prosperity from 320 to 550
C.E.
Later, India built an empire under King Ashoka rule, but soon
fell and broke into separate kingdoms.
Another kingdom arose in India.
It united the northern kingdoms together by conquering them.
The name of this empire was the Gupta Empire.
 India did not get conquered by another
civilization.
 Their geographic location would not have made
a difference because even if they moved to a
new location, they will still have the same
outcome. What I mean is that they will still have
problems and have all their social classes.
TIME PERIORD OF INDIA
 The Indian valley civilization was the first civilization in
the country around 2600 to 1700 B.C.
 India lasted for about 5500 to 1000 CE.
 India rose as a civilization due to trading and its
weights because in India they didn’t have much to do
but trade goods for what they need and make new
technology.
TIME PERIOD OF INDIA
 During India's golden age, they created a strong government
and at the same time, they granted significant independence to
local leaders.
 The strategy created stability and prosperity from 320 to 550
CE.
 India’s Civilization did not fall nor was it conquered by another
civilization.
 This shows the timeline of Ancient India.
2700-1900BCE
Advanced sewer system in
Mohenjodaro.
500 BCE
Sanskrit language is first
written down.
1500-900 BCE
The Vedas oral teachings of
Hinduism, are composed.
320-550 CE
Gupta Empire’s Mahabhara
are completed
262-232 BCE
Ashoka rules Mauryan
Empire
GOVERNMENT
INDIA’S
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
 There is 36 states and union territories in India.
 Each state is governed by its own legislative assembly. Members elected
for the government plus 12 people elected by president makes up the
Rajya Sabha.
 Rulers of India are Union Government established by Constitution of
India which is the county’s supreme government.
 The contributions The Constitution of India made was structure,
procedures, powers, and duties of government institution.
LAWS OF INDIA
 India had different types of laws.
 Some laws are family & human rights laws, which
have to do with one family or person.
 Others are international trade laws, environmental
laws, central laws, and state laws which have to do
with not only one person but whole India.
INDIA’S COURT SYSTEM
 India’s court system has large backlogs. It will take
like about 320 years to clear them.
 India’s court system is divide into different courts.
 At the bottom is Senior Sub-Judge (Civil Cases) and
Chief Judicial Magistrate (Criminal Cases), then
District & Sessions Court, after is State High Court,
and at the top is Supreme Court.
SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES
 The differences between India’s civilization and
others is that India’s court system has a threetier court system that starts from District Courts
and up.
 Similarities between India’s civilization and
others is that all civilizations were probably
invaded by alien tribes, but still their religions
had lived on or sustained.
INDIA
ECONOMY
TRADE SYSTEM
 For thousands of years, traders used the
Khyber Pass to enter the Indus River
Valley.
 Major products of trade in India were
manga, Colton, jute, silk, carpets, ivory,
pearls, arts & crafts.
SOCIAL CLASSES
 Yes, the social classes were Brahmins, Kshatriyas,
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Vaishyas, Shudras & Untouchables.
Brahmins, who were priests & religious scholars studied
& taught the Vedas.
Kshatriyas who were rulers & warriors.
Vaishyas were herders & merchants.
Shudras were servants & did what they were told.
Untouchables which handled garbage and dead animals.
SLAVERY
 Slavery is part of India under the social
class called the Shudras.
 Slavery was not based on the race in India.
 Slavery in India was not permanent.
INDIA’S CITIES
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Cities in India were built by forced laborers.
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The impact the economy had on the rise was that the rivers around India
would always get flooded and leaves rich minerals behind for the soil.
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The impact the economy had on the fall was that some places don’t have
water but soil that can grow.
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The black soil makes it hard to grow crops in India and also the
temperatures.
Type of Religions
• Hinduism origin : India
• It started when there was ancient India happen
but they are no founders who discover it.
• Islam origin: Arabian Peninsula
• Founded in 622 C.E by Muhammad.
• Christianity origin: Palestine
• founded by Jesus Christ by 2,000 years ago.
Type of Religions
• Sikhism origin: India
• It was founded in 16th century
• Buddhism origin: India
• It was discover in 2,500 years ago at the east of
India.
• Jainism origin: India
Religions
•
The Vedic Religion of the Aryans became Hinduism
after it became exposed to pre-Aryan religious beliefs.
•
After which two new religious, Buddhism and Jainism
were formed after rejecting some tenants of Hinduism.
Indian religions keep evolving.
Major Religious Leaders
• Hinduism: Ramakrishna – Was originally called
Gadadhar Chatterji or Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya. He was the
founder of religious thoughts that became Ramakrishna Order.
• Buddhism: Prince Siddhartha’s – Was also called
the “Awakened One”. The truth was that Buddha discovered under
the Bodhi tree are the basis of Buddhism.
•
Sikhism: Guru Nanak - Was the founder of Sikhism
and the first of the Sikh Gurus. He traveled a lot to tell everone of
the belief in one God who dwells in everyone of God’s
creations/enternal truth.
Major Religious Leaders
• Christianity: Jesus Christ – He refered to as Jesus
of Nazarath. Central figure of Christianity whom teaches most
Christian denomination hold to be the Son of God.
• Islam: Clerisy, Mosque & Government –
Have
special religious titles generally in Arabic (or sometimes in Persian).
Religious leaderships may take a variety of non-formal shapes.
Hinduism
 Word Hinduism is derived from the
river Sindhu which was pronounced
by Persians as Hindu.
 Goal of life: To attain selfrealization.
 God is called SatChidAnanda:
Ever existing, Ever conscious,
Ever new bliss.
Buddhism
 Buddhists go to temple, not at a
special time or day, but when they
can.
 A Buddhist temple is called Vihara
and is a place for education. In a
temple, you will find a shrine room
with a large Buddha and statues of
his disciples. You will also find relics
and manuscripts. There is also a
lecture room, meditation room and a
library.
Sikhism
 Sikhism was founded by Guru
Nanak Dev.
 Sikhism emerged in 16th-century
India in an environment heavily
permeated with conflicts between
the Hindu and Muslim religions.
 Approximately 19 million Sikhs live
in India, primarily in the state of
Punjab.
Islam
 "Islam" means "Peace through
the submission to God".
 "Allah" is an Arabic word that
means "God". Muslims also believe
that "Allah" is the personal name of
God.
 Muslims believe that God has
revealed 99 of His names (or
attributes) in the Holy Qur'an. It is
through these names that one can
come to know the Creator. A few of
these names are: the All-Merciful,
the All-Knower & Protector.
Christianity
 Christianity is one of the most
influential religions in history. It's the
largest religion the world has ever
known and it's responsible for the
largest institution the world has ever
known, the Christian Church.
 It's founder, Jesus Christ, although
of humble origins, impacted the
world more than kings,
presidents, military leaders,
and politicians, even though he died
in his early thirties.
Religions
• Unlike the other major ancient India religious there is not one main
teacher in Hinduism.
• Buddhism is one of the major religions of the world today, with
probably more than 3.5 million adherents.
• Jainism practices a form of vegetarianism that doesn’t allow
practitioners to destroy the plant so certain common root vegetables
are off limits, not all civilizations do this.
CONTRIBUTIONS
INDIA
Inventions
 buttons
 carbon pigment
 Calico
 carding devices
 Chaturanga
 Chintz
 Crescograph
 crucible steel
 dock (maritime)
 incense clock
 Indian clubs
 Iron and mercury
coherer
 Kabaddi
 Ludo
 Muslin
Inventions
 Mysoreans rockets
 single roller
 Palampore
 cotton gin
 Prayer flags
 snakes and ladders
 prefabricated home
 Stepwell
 Ruler
 Stupa,
 Seamless celestial
 Suits game
globe
 Shampoo
 Toe stirrup
 Wootz steel
COMMUNICATIONS
 India used messengers to send word to one king
to another.
 They also used Pigeons to transmit messages.
 The latter skill was borrowed from the
Sumerians.
COMMUNICATIONS
 India used different types of scripts and stones to
write.
 Some scripts were Brahmi & Kharosthi.
 They were developed by India to write both
official and local languages.
DEVELOPED
• India was developed because India needed
protection from alien tribes and invaders.
• This method was used by China & Mesopotamia.
• Many of these sates portrayed the Buddha or
Hindu deites.
• Some showed important parts of people lives.
ART/ARCHITECTURE
 India’s art forms can be classified into specific periods
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each reflecting particular religious, political and cultural
developments.
The periods are Ancient Period (3900BCE-1200CE)
After is Islamic Ascendancy (1192-1757)
Next is Colonial Period (1757-1940)
Final is Independence and the Postcolonial Period (Post1947)
Also India’s main art forms were derived Vedic influences.
ART/ARCHITECTURE
 India’s architecture has evolved through various ages in
different regions of the country.
 Evolution of Indian architecture was generally affected by
the emergence and decay of great empires and dynasties in
the sub-continent.
 India’s architecture go’s way back to Indus Valley cities.
Almost in all regions, India’s architecture is mostly temples.
They are the highest standard developed in India.
 Temples Chaityas, Viharas, Stupas and other religious
structures have architectural remains.
ART/ARCHITECTURE
 The arts of India can inform us about who lived there is
by telling us how they did things around their.
 For example, you found an artifact in a city. You don’t
know for sure who lived their, you can use the artifact
as a clue and do more research.
 Another way is by searching for more artifacts and see
if you can compare the two if they are from the same
city.
ARTIFACTS
 Shiva as Lord of Dance is an artifact of India. It explains
him as the cosmic dancer who performs his divine dance to
destroy a weary universe and make preparations for the
god Brahma to start the process of creation.
Another artifact is the Vishnu sculpture. It describes
Vishnu as the all-pervading essence of all beings, the
master of—and beyond—the past, present and future, the
creator and destroyer of all existences.
ARTIFACTS
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Lakshmi sculpture is another artifact of India. She is the
Hindu Goddess of wealth, love, prosperity (both material
and spiritual), fortune, and the embodiment of beauty. Also
Vishnu ‘s wife.
Last is the Rama statue. He is the seventh avatar of the
Hindu god Vishnu, and a king of Ayodhya in Hindu
scriptures.
IMAGES OF INDIA
IMAGES OF INDIA
ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA
ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA