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Download Biology: It Grows on You
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Biology: It Grows on You What is Biology? • Definition: Study of Life Branches of Biology • Ecology- Interactions between living organisms • Genetics- Inheritance of traits • Biochemistry- the study of the chemical reactions required for life • Botany- Study of Plants • Zoology- Study of Animals What makes something living? 7 characteristics of life? •Abiotic- Non Living things •Biotic- Of living things Cells • Living organisms are organized/comprised of cells – Unicellular-one cell – Multicellular- multiple cells DNA • Genetic material that can be passed on to offspring Energy • Require energy to survive. Reproduction • All living organisms reproduce – Asexual- one individual from a species – Sexual- two individuals from the SAME species Growth and Development • All living organisms grow and develop Evolution and Adaptation • Adaptation-Change to an organism to better fit their environment • HomeostasisMaintaining stable internal conditionsBalance Stimulus and Response • Stimulus- An action • Response- Result from a stimulus Are viruses living? How we classify living things • Aristotle- Descriptions – Not very clear, names became too long • Carolus LinnaeusRelationships – Binomial Nomenclature- 2 part naming system • Homo sapien • Genus species Levels of classification • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Come up with your own mnemonic! • • • • • • • • Dumb Kids Play Chess On Fat Guys Stomachs Bacteria- Not Viruses! • 2 Kingdoms: Archaebacteria(old, near deep sea vents) and Eubacteria(common in the world) • Primitive prokaryotic cells • Single Cellular • Heterotrophic- rely on others for energy • Asexual reproduction • Streptacoccus Protist • Kingdom Protista • Unicellular or Multicellular • Eukaryotic cells • Autotrophic(make their own energy) or Heterotrophic • Asexual or sexual reproduction • Commonly cause disease • Algae, Dinoflagellates, zooplankton Fungi • • • • • Kingdom Fungi Unicellular or Multicellular Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Decomposer- breaks down other organisms • Sexual or Asexual reproduction • Athletes foot, molds, mushrooms Plants • Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular • Autotrophic- Have chloroplasts • Sexual or Asexual Reproduction • Moss, ferns, trees, flowers • • • • • Animals Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophic Sexual Reproduction Coral, birds, star fish, etc. Dichotomous Key • A tool used to Identify organisms in the field Step 1 If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2 If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3 Step 5 If fish has spots, then go to step 6 If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7 Step 6 Step 2 If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish goat fish If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted If fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is moray eel a band-tail puffer Step 3 If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4 If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5 Step 7 If fish has stripes, then go to step 8 If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper Step 4 If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle ray If fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder Step 8 If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fish If fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper
