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CZAR Prior to the 1917 Russian Revolution, these were the supreme rulers or emperors of Russia SERF A virtually enslaved workforce, these peasants were bound to the land and under the control of the nobility. RUSSIFICATION A policy introduced by the Russian government prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917; it encouraged people to speak Russian and follow the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church; people who refused to do so were harshly persecuted (such as the Jews.) SOCIALISM A belief that calls for greater economic equality in society BOLSHEVIK A revolutionary group led by Vladimir Lenin; this group believed in a violent overthrow of the government in Russia and replacing the Czar with a communist system. SATELLITE Countries that are under control by another nation (for example, during the Soviet Era, countries of Eastern Europe were satellites of the Soviet Union and under its control.) PERESTROIKA During the 1980’s, this was a policy of economic restructuring in the Soviet Union instituted by the Soviet Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev GLASNOST During the 1980’s, this was a policy of greater political openness in the Soviet Union instituted by the Soviet Premier, Mikhail Gorbachev GULAG Forced labor camps or prisons in the former Soviet Union; they were used to banish political prisoners and criminals in extremely harsh conditions (such as in Siberia.)