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Elements of Poetry
“POETRY IS WHEN AN EMOTION HAS FOUND
ITS THOUGHT AND THE THOUGHT HAS
FOUND WORDS.”
- ROBERT FROST
Elements of Poetry
 Stanza: lines of a poem grouped into a unit

Example- “Doing Business” by Babs Bell Hajdusiewicz
Stanza 1
My Daddy’s on the phone right now.
He says he’s almost done.
My Daddy’s doing business with
A man from Washington.
Stanza 2
My mother’s doing business, too.
She’s not at home today.
My mother’s doing business at
Her office far away.
Stanza 3
And I’ll be doing business with
Our brand new pooper-scoop,
‘Cause my puppy’s doing business on
Our newly painted stoop!
Elements of Poetry
 Refrain: A group of words repeated at intervals in a
poem, song or speech.

Example – B.o.b. “Airplanes”
Can we pretend that airplanes
In the night sky
Are like shooting stars
I could really use a wish right now
(wish right now, wish right now)
Can we pretend that airplanes
In the night sky
Are like shooting stars
I could really use a wish right now
(wish right now, wish right now)
Elements of Poetry
 Speaker: The voice talking in the poem, not
necessarily the author.

Example – Annabelle Lee
(Edgar Allan Poe’s real wife was Virginia Clemm)
Forms of Poetry
 Narrative
 Ballad
 Epic
 Lyric
 Sonnet
 Ode
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
 Elegy
 Free Verse
 Cinquain
 Haiku
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Narrative: A poem that tells a story with plot, setting
and characters

Example: Captain Kidd
Captain Kidd- by Rosemary and Stephen
Vincent Benet
This person in the gaudy clothes
Is worthy Captain Kidd.
They say he never buried gold.
I think, perhaps, he did.
They say it’s all a story that
His favorite little song,
Was “Make these lubbers walk the plank!”
I think, perhaps, they’re wrong.
They say he never pirated
Beneath Skull-and-Bones.
He merely traveled for his health
And spoke in soothing tones.
In fact, you’ll read in nearly all
The newer history books
That he was mild as cottage cheese
-- But I don’t like his looks.
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Narrative – Epic: a long narrative poem recounting
in elevated style the deeds of a legendary hero,
especially one originating in oral folk tradition

Example: Beowulf
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Narrative- Ballad: intended to be sung, typically sentimental or romantic

Stanza
Example: “Love Story” by Taylor Swift
We were both young, when I first saw you.
I close my eyes and the flashback startsI'm standing there, on a balcony in summer air.
I see the lights; see the party, the ball gowns.
I see you make your way through the crowdYou say hello, little did I know...
That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebblesAnd my daddy said "stay away from Juliet"And I was crying on the staircasebegging you, "Please don't go..."
And I said...
Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone.
I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run.
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess,
It's a love story, baby, just say yes.
Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone.
I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run.
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess.
It's a love story, baby, just say yesRomeo save me, they're trying to tell me how to feel.
This love is difficult, but it's real.
Don't be afraid, we'll make it out of this mess.
It's a love story, baby, just say yes.
Oh, Oh.
I got tired of waiting.
Wondering if you were ever coming around.
My faith in you was fadingWhen I met you on the outskirts of town.
And I said...
Romeo save me, I've been feeling so alone.
I keep waiting, for you but you never come.
So I sneak out to the garden to see you.
Is this in my head, I don't know what to thinkWe keep quiet, because we're dead if they knewHe knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring and said...
So close your eyes... escape this town for a little while.
Oh, Oh.
Marry me Juliet, you'll never have to be alone.
I love you, and that's all I really know.
Cause you were Romeo - I was a scarlet letter,
I talked to your dad -- go pick out a white dress
And my daddy said "stay away from Juliet" It's a love story, baby just say... yes.
but you were everything to meOh, Oh, Oh, Oh, Oh.
I was begging you, "Please don't go"
And I said...
'cause we were both young when I first saw you
Forms of Poetry
 Free Verse: A poem with no fixed form or rhyme
scheme.

Example- “Harlem Night Song” by Langston Hughes
Come, Let us roam the night together
Singing.
I love you.
Across
The Harlem roof-tops
Moon is shining.
Night sky is blue.
Stars are great drops
Of golden dew.
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Down the street
A band is playing
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
I love you.
Come,
Let us roam the night together
Singing.
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Lyric: Poems that express the speaker’s feelings
 Ode- A poem that celebrates something


Example:
Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet

Rhyme Scheme for a sonnet
abab, cdcd, efef, gg
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Ode – A poem that celebrates something.
Ode to a Blackberry
Epic Ballad
– by Misael Venturo
Blackberry
Narrative
Oh I love your taste
Your juices fill my mouth with water and
flavor,
Your color tempts me
To suck all the juice and dry you out.
Free Verse
You are the fruit of my dreams,
You are my thoughts and my pleasure,
Your tremendous taste has no name.
Ode
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet

Example:
“Hidden Beauty, Forever Broken” by laraelizabeth
The moon shines upon the glassy surface
of the hidden black lake in the forest.
The stars glistening in the blue sky's place,
the moon illuminates the trees at rest
as they gently sway in the silent wind.
Suddenly, the forest has changed;
the sky is now lit with the forest's end.
Fire engulfs all in its path deranged,
consuming the trees and burning the land.
The fire moves quickly, making a path;
leaving behind a barren wasteland.
Through the flames and smoke, a menacing wrath
disturbs the once beautiful hidden lake,
for the beauty with it the flames will take.
(A)
(B)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(G)
Epic
Ballad
Ode
Narrative
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Free Verse
Elegy
Forms of Poetry
 Elegy: A poem that mourns the loss of something.
 Example: “A Dirge”- by Percy Bysshe Shelley
A Dirge is a song
that is sung at a
funeral.
Rough Wind, that moanest loud
Grief too sad for song;
Wild wind, when sullen cloud
Knells all the night long;
Epic Ballad
Sad storm, whose tears are vain,
Bare woods, whose branches strain,
Narrative
Deep caves and dreary main, _
Wail, for the world's wrong! --
Shelley is mourning
the deaths of
Keats, and his son,
William.
Ode
Sonnet
Lyric
Form
Free Verse
Elegy
Poetic Devices
 Simile: a comparison of two things using “like”, “as”,
or “than”
Anna Nalick – Breathe
2 AM and she calls me 'cause I'm still awake,
"Can you help me unravel my latest mistake?,
I don't love him. Winter just wasn't my season"
Yeah we walk through the doors, so accusing their eyes
Like they have any right at all to criticize,
Hypocrites. You're all here for the very same reason
'Cause you can't jump the track, we're like cars on a cable
And life's like an hourglass, glued to the table
No one can find the rewind button, girl.
So cradle your head in your hands
And breathe... just breathe,
Oh breathe, just breathe
Poetic Devices
 Metaphor: a comparison of two things without using
“like” or “as”
Miley Cyrus– The Climb
There’s always gonna be another mountain
I’m always gonna want to make it move
Always gonna be an uphill battle
Sometimes I’m gonna have to lose
Is she really a
mountain climber?
Is she really fighting
in a battle?
What is she comparing
to mountain climbing
and battles?
Poetic Devices
 Alliteration: repetition of the consonant sound at the
beginning of words in a line

Examples:
Peter Piper Picked a Pickled Pepper
 Dr. Seuss’s ABC Book
 The Flea and the Fly

The Flea and the Fly
The flea and the fly got caught in the flue.
Said the fly, “Let us Flee.”
Said the Flea, “Let us fly.”
So together they flew through the flaw in
the flue.
Poetic Devices
 Assonance: repetition of the vowel sound throughout
a line of poetry
The Crocodile’s Toothache – by Shel Silverstein
The Crocodile
Went to the dentist
And sat down in the chair,
And the dentist said, "Now tell me, sir,
Why does it hurt and where?"
And the Crocodile said, "I'll tell you the truth,
I have a terrible ache in my tooth,"
And he opened his jaws so wide, so wide,
The the dentist, he climbed right inside,
And the dentist laughed, "Oh isn't this fun?"
As he pulled the teeth out, one by one.
And the Crocodile cried, "You're hurting me so!
Please put down your pliers and let me go."
But the dentist laughed with a Ho Ho Ho,
And he said, "I still have twelve to goOops, that's the wrong one, I confess,
But what's one crocodile's tooth more or less?"
Then suddenly, the jaws went SNAP,
And the dentist was gone, right off the map,
And where he went one could only guess...
To North or South or East or West...
He left no forwarding address.
But what's one dentist, more or less?
Poetic Devices
 Onomatopoeia: a word that creates its own sound
effect
Skinny – by Shel Silverstein
Skinny McGuinn
Was so terribly thin
What while taking his bath
Sunday night,
Out popped the plug
And sloosh-swoosh
And glug-glug
It washed Skinny
Right down the drain
Out of sight.
And where is our dear Skinny
Bathing tonight?
In some underground pool
Down below?
Or up there so high
In that tub in the sky
Where all of
The clean people go?
Poetic Devices
 Hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration
Louder Than a Clap of Thunder
– by Jack Prelutsky
Louder than a clap of thunder,
louder than an eagle screams,
louder than a dragon blunders,
or a dozen football teams,
louder than a four alarmer,
or a rushing waterfall,
louder than a knight in armor
jumping from a ten-foot wall.
Louder than an earthquake rumbles,
louder than a tidal wave,
louder than an ogre grumbles
as he stumbles through his cave,
louder than stampeding cattle,
louder than a cannon roars,
louder than a giant's rattle,
that's how loud my father SNORES!
Poetic Devices
 Symbolism: when a person, place, object or action
stands for something beyond itself
Katy Perry – Firework
Do you ever feel like a plastic bag
Drifting through the wind
Wanting to start again
Do you know that there's still a chance for you
Cause there's a spark in you
Do you ever feel, feel so paper thin
Like a house of cards
One blow from caving in
You just gotta ignite the light
And let it shine
Just own the night
What does a firework
Like the Fourth of July
symbolize?
Do you ever feel already buried deep
Six feet under scream
But no one seems to hear a thing
Cause baby you're a firework
Come on show 'em what your worth
Make 'em go "Oh, oh, oh!"
As you shoot across the sky-y-y
Light, something exciting, something
worth paying attention to
Poetic Devices
 Imagery: when the author tries to appeal to the
reader using the five senses
Playing Outfield
– by Isabel Joshlin Glaser
The baseball drops into your glove,
Sounds like…. Thunk! (Or Plunk?
Or Plop? Whop?) . . . But stays,
Sounds like . . . Another sunny day,
Dust, sweat shivering down,
Clothes plastered to your skin,
THIRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sounds like you caught a flier,
The other side’s out,
And your team leads,
Everybody’s yelling like crazy,
HOORAY!
water, please . . .
Poetic Devices
 Irony: the contrast between expectation and reality
The New Kid on the Block
– by Jack Prelutsky
There's a new kid on the block,
and boy, that kid is tough,
the new kid punches hard,
that new kid plays real rough,
that new kid's big and strong,
with muscles everywhere,
that new kid tweaked my arm,
that new kid pulled my hair.
That new kid likes to fight,
and picks on all the guys,
that new kid scares me some,
(that new kid's twice my size),
that new kid stomped my toes,
the new kid swiped my ball,
that new kid's really bad,
I don't care for her at all.
The Crocodile – by Lewis Carroll
How doth the crocodile,
Improve his shining tail,
And pour the waters of the Nile
On every golden scale!
How cheerfully he seems to grin,
How neatly spread his claws,
And welcomes little fishes in,
With gently smiling jaws!
Poetic Devices
 Pun: a play on the multiple meaning of words
Rugs From Me to You
“I Just Can’t Wait to be King
– On The Lion King
[Simba:] I'm gonna be a mighty king
So enemies beware!
[Zazu:] Well, I've never seen a king of beasts
With quite so little hair
[Simba:] I'm gonna be the mane event
Like no king was before
I'm brushing up on looking down
I'm working on my ROAR
[Zazu:] Thus far, a rather uninspiring thing
[Simba:] Oh, I just can't wait to be king!
Poetic Devices
 Personification: when the author gives human
characteristics to non-human objects
Happy Feet
Poetic Devices
 Tone: the attitude the writer takes on a subject or
character
 Mood: the overall emotion created in the reader.
Poetic Devices
 Rhyme: the repetition of sounds in words close
together
Sick – by Shel Silverstein
"I cannot go to school today"
Internal Said little Peggy Ann McKay.
Rhyme "I have the measles and the mumps,
End
A gash, a rash and purple bumps.
Rhyme
My mouth is wet, my throat is dry.
I'm going blind in my right eye.
My tonsils are as big as rocks,
I've counted sixteen chicken pox.
And there's one more - that's seventeen,
And don't you think my face looks green?
My leg is cut, my eyes are blue,
It might be the instamatic flu.
I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke,
I'm sure that my left leg is broke.
Slant
My hip hurts when I move my chin,
Rhyme
My belly button's caving in.
My back is wrenched, my ankle's sprained,
My 'pendix pains each time it rains.
My toes are cold, my toes are numb,
I have a sliver in my thumb.
My neck is stiff, my voice is weak,
I hardly whisper when I speak.
My tongue is filling up my mouth,
I think my hair is falling out.
My elbow's bent, my spine ain't straight,
My temperature is one-o-eight.
My brain is shrunk, I cannot hear,
There's a hole inside my ear.
I have a hangnail, and my heart is ...
What? What's that? What's that you say?
You say today is .............. Saturday?
G'bye, I'm going out to play!"
Poetic Devices
 Rhythm: the musical quality produced by repeated
sounds
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too
– by Shel Silverstein
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too
Went for a ride in a flying shoe.
"Hooray!"
"What fun!"
"It's time we flew!"
Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crew
And Tickle served coffee and mulligan stew
As higher
And higher
And higher they flew,
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too,
Over the sun and beyond the blue.
"Hold on!"
"Stay in!"
"I hope we do!"
Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle too
Never returned to the world they knew,
And nobody
Knows what's
Happened to
Dear Ickle Me, Pickle Me,
Tickle Me too.
Poetic Devices
 Rhyme Scheme: a pattern of end rhymes
Selena Gomez –Perfectly
I like who I am, but I guess you don’t
I think that I can, but you think I won't
Amount to anything at all
(A)
(A)
(B)
If you love me, you sure show it strange
Is there anything that you wouldn't change?
I can't be your paper doll.
(C)
(C)
(B)
[Chorus:]
I wanna be perfect, But I'm me
I wanna be flawless, But you see
Every little crack Every chip,
Every dent, Every little mistake,
I wanna be perfect, Just like you,
But there's only so much that a girl can do
When I look in the mirror what I see,
It makes sense to me,
Perfectly
Perfectly
(D)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(G)
(H)
(H)
Poetic Devices
 Repetition: when specific words or phrases are
repeated two or more times throughout a poem
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too
– by Shel Silverstein
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too
Went for a ride in a flying shoe.
"Hooray!"
"What fun!"
"It's time we flew!"
Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crew
And Tickle served coffee and mulligan stew
As higher
And higher
And higher they flew,
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too,
Over the sun and beyond the blue.
"Hold on!"
"Stay in!"
"I hope we do!"
Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle too
Never returned to the world they knew,
And nobody
Knows what's
Happened to
Dear Ickle Me, Pickle Me,
Tickle Me too.