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SSUSH 4 • The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. Overview • This standard asks the student to recognize three characteristics of the American Revolution: the philosophical reasons for the Revolution as exemplified by the Declaration of Independence, the role and importance of France and other nations to the successful accomplishment of the United States’ independence, and the role of George Washington in creating a national army, the hardships experienced by those soldiers, and Vocabulary • Declaration of Independence • • John Locke • • George Washington • • Crossing the Delaware River • • Valley Forge • Benjamin Franklin • • Marquis de Lafayette • • General Charles Cornwallis • • Battle of Yorktown • • 1783 Treaty of Paris SSUSH4 • a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson • wrote the Declaration of Independence • based on government philosophy and input from other colonial leaders. • Some ideas from John Locke (Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness) Declaration of Independence • document that declared our independence (freedom) from Great Britain. (Compare to Divorce Papers) • It leads to the American Revolution. • Signed by 55 men now known as founding fathers. Declaration of Independence • Organization o Preamble states purpose of document o Written by Thomas Jefferson o Inspired by ideas of John Locke (natural rights) o Included ideas of Montesquieu (government should protect personal liberties) The Preamble of the Declaration of Independence • states the purpose for the document. • In this case, the preamble states that when a government infringes upon the “natural rights” of people, the people need to separate from that government. John Locke • His ideas that are found in the Declaration are natural rights) that all are entitled to and the government cannot take away. • life, liberty, property (REMEMBER Locke=3 L’s) • Jefferson changed it to Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness Baron Montesquieu • Believed that a government exists to preserve and protect individual liberties • Idea was included in the Declaration of Independence. • Also influenced the Constitution with the idea for separation of powers between 3 branches of government. SSUSH4 • b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette. American Revolution • War was between Great Britain and the American Colonies for American Independence. • War was over “Taxation without Representation” • Great Britain tried to get back money spent in the French and Indian War. • First shots were fired at Lexington and Concord WAY BEFORE official revolution started. • Bunker Hill was a place right outside New Benjamin Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette and the French Alliance • Ben Franklin was ambassador to France and was trying to get the French to help the colonies in their fight against Great Britain • Franklin became friends with the Marquis de Lafayette who wanted to help the Americans • Lafayette met with the King of France and convinced the King that id the Americans could win a large victory then France would help. • Decided to help the Americans in the Revolutionary War after the Battle of Saratoga (major victory) • Provided resources, training, and troops • The Marquis de Lafayette trained Americans to be professional soldiers • **The French Fleet (ships) Trapped the British from escaping at Yorktown and helped to force the British surrender to the Americans SSUSH4 • c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge. Common Soldier in Revolutionary War • two distinct groups-the state militias and the Continental Army • Militias were organized by each state and community and generally provided their own weapons and uniforms • Enlistments were short term and training was poor • notoriously unreliable in battle • At the urging of Washington, Congress provided for George Washington and the Continental Army • appointed by Congress to be Commander and Chief of the Continental Army in June 1775 • reorganized the Continental Army, secured additional equipment and supplies, • started a training program to turn inexperienced recruits into a professional military. • Washington’s strong personality and reputation garnered him the support and respect of American soldiers George Washington (military leader) • • • • • Raised troop morale Great military strategies Crossing the Delaware River Lead troops across frozen Delaware River Planned surprise attack on Hessians at Battle of Trenton • This attack was successful and saved the army by capturing badly need supplies and warm houses to live in Washington Crosses the Delaware River • December 25, 1776 • a surprise attack against Hessian/British forces at Trenton, New Jersey • marched his force across New Jersey and defeated a pursuing British force • boosted the morale of American forces Valley Forge • Winter of 1777-1778 • Bitter Cold • American Army was encamped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania • clothing was in short supply • European soldiers such as Baron von Steuben and Lafayette taught the soldiers how to organize and fight together as one unit SSUSH4 • d. Explain the role of geography at the Battle of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783. Lord Cornwallis • was the British military leader • surrendered at Yorktown. Yorktown • Geography was important in the final battle of the war • American troops had them surrounded on land French navy blocked any sea escape • the British were forced to surrender here and end the American Revolution Treaty of Paris 1783 • Was the official surrender signed by the British to END the American Revolution • Recognized the INDEPENDENCE of the American colonies • gained control of land stretching to the Mississippi River. Britain ceded Florida to Spain and certain African and Caribbean colonies to France