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Conflict & Change (Nationalism & Independence)
FSMS
Standard SS7H3a.b.
Day
SS7H3 – The student will analyze continuity and
change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to
the 21st century.
a. Describe how nationalism led to
independence in India and Vietnam.
d. Describe the impact of communism in
China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap
Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen
Square.
Agenda Message: S&EA Quiz on Religions & Geography is Friday
Jan. 13th. Quiz Study Guides go home TODAY.
Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the
21st century as it relates to the History of India & Vietnam.
E.Q. for Monday; 1/9/17: Describe European colonialism and
what colonies supposed to provide for their European masters?
Warm-Up: Name two beliefs that Hinduism & Buddhism
shared.
Today We Will:
1. Introduce European Colonialism
2. Start Gandhi DVD
E.Q. Answer for Monday 1/9/17:
European Imperialism in the 18th & 19th centuries
saw colonies as a measure of national power or
importance.
A strong country was supposed to have colonies to
provide raw materials and markets to increase its
wealth and importance in the world.
Warm-Up:
1. Reincarnation
2. Karma
Agenda Message: S&EA Test on Religions & Geography is Friday Jan.
13th. Paper folders, with pockets, and three hole/clasps are due
today, no later than Wednesday.
Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the 21st
century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam.
Essential Question, Tuesday; 1/10/17: What is “Nationalism”.
Warm-Up:
Name two things that colonies were supposed to provide to the
European countries that controlled them.
Today We Will:
1.
Day-2, Gandhi DVD with Active Viewing Worksheet #1
E.Q. Answer for Tuesday 1/10/17:
The belief that a people should be free to govern their own
affairs and be loyal to those with whom they share a common
history, customs, origins, language and/or religion.
People who share these things often think of themselves as a
distinct nation and that they should therefore be free to
govern themselves.
Warm-Up:
1.
Provide raw materials (natural resources) to feed the
industrial revolution, and
2.
Become markets for manufactured goods
Agenda Message: S&EA Test on Religions & Geography is Friday Jan.
13th. Paper folders, with pockets, and three hole/clasps are due
today, Wednesday.
Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the 21st
century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam.
Essential Question, Wednesday; 1/11/17: What were the two main
religions in India during the independence struggle from Great
Britain?
Warm-Up: What is Nationalism?
Today We Will:
1.
Day-3 History of India’s Independence from Great Britain.
(Gandhi DVD
E.Q. Answer for Wednesday 1/11/17:
Hinduism & Islam
Warm-Up:
The belief that a people should be free to govern
their own affairs and be loyal to those with
whom they share a common history, customs,
origins, language and/or religion.
Agenda Message: S&EA Test on Geography & Religious
Groups is TOMORROW! Everyone needs to have a paper
folder for class (w/ pockets and three-hole clasps)
starting yesterday.
Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA
leading to the 21st century as it relates to the History of
Indian & Vietnam.
Essential Question, Thursday; 1/12/17: What was the
Muslim League?
Warm-Up: Which European power colonized India?
Today We Will:
1.
Part 4 of Gandhi DVD
E.Q. Answer for Thursday 1/12/17:
He first two groups to form to work for the rights
of Indians were the Indian National Congress,
organized in 1885 and the Muslim League, begun in
1906. The Indian National Congress attracted
mainly Indian Hindus and the Muslim League
attracted followers of Islam. Each group called for
more independence from British colonial control.
Warm-Up Answer:
Great Britain
Agenda Message: S&EA Religious Groups and Geography Quiz is
TODAY! E.Q.’s AND Warm-Ups are due Tuesday January 17th.
Honor the MLK Holiday on Monday.
Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the
21st century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam.
Essential Question, Friday; 1/13/17: What is the relationship
between Dr. Martin Luther King and Gandhi?
Warm-Up:
During European Colonialism what two things were colonies
supposed to provide for their European masters?
Today We Will:
1.
S&EA Religious Groups & Geography Quiz
2.
View Gandhi DVD, Part 3
E.Q. Answer for Friday 1/13/17:
Martin Luther King borrowed heavily from Gandhi’s
strategies of non-violent protest as he led the civil
rights movement here in the United States.
Warm-Up Answer:
1.
2.
Provide raw materials (natural resources)
to feed the industrial revolution, and
Become markets for manufactured goods
European Imperialism in Asia
Europeans in the 18th & 19th centuries saw colonies
as a measure of national power or importance
and a key part of the system was known as
imperialism.
A strong country was supposed to have colonies to
provide raw materials and markets to increase
its wealth and importance in the world.
Some countries, like Britain and France, controlled
large areas of the world including Africa, Asia,
Australia and the Americas.
Another key factor was the work of Christian
missionaries. They saw European colonization of
Asia as a way to bring Christianity to a
“uncivilized” land.
Their work gave the colonizers another excuse to
do whatever they wanted to do in Asia.
Some European powers allowed large companies to
come into the area of Asia they controlled,
organizing the Asian population in whatever ways
would guarantee the most efficient work force.
Others set up colonial governments. They forced
the Asian population into going along with
colonial demands for work and use of local
natural resources.
Asian colonies were divided into administrative
districts and put under the power or control of
European officials. These administrators were
expected to keep the peace, get the work done,
and help “civilize” the Asian people.
Nearly all Europeans working in Asia felt the local
people were backwards and in need of Europe’s
civilizing influence. Most knew nothing of the
great cultures that were part of Asia’s past.
Life as Part of a Colony
Indirect Rule
Some European powers like the British used
indirect rule. They appointed local chiefs to be
their enforcers, to collect taxes, run businesses
the British wanted, and put down any trouble
that began to emerge.
Asians were lured into jobs with promises of
wealth, power, and influence.
Assimilation
The French took a more direct approach,
encouraging Asians to become French citizens, a
policy known as assimilation.
The French forced those they had conquered to
give up their own customs and adopt French
ways. Many people in Asian colonies controlled
by France began speaking French and several
applied for and were granted French citizenship.
INDIA
A feeling of nationalism began to surface in
India in the 1800’s. People began to be
upset that their country was a part of
the British colonial empire.
They were treated like second-class
citizens in their own country. The best
jobs and education were reserved for
the British.
Indian craftsmen were not allowed to run
their traditional businesses if that meant
competition for the British.
One example was the production of cloth.
Indians grew fine cotton and weaving
was a traditional craft.
Indians were forced to send all their cotton
to Britain and then had to buy the
finished cloth from the British factories.
The first two groups formed to work for the
rights of Indians were the Indian
National Congress (formed in 1885) and
the Muslim League (begun in1906).
The Indian National Congress attracted
mainly Indian Hindus.
The Muslim League attracted Indians who
followed Islam.
Years of contact with the British had taught
Indians about western ideas of
democracy and self-government.
However, the British did not want to
share these two ideals with their
colonies.
During World War I, millions of Indians
joined forces with the British, hoping
that their service would be rewarded
with more control of their government.
The British Parliament even promised that
when the war ended, India would be able
to work toward self-government.
Unfortunately, after the war ended, nothing
changed. Indians were still treated like
second-class citizens in their own
homeland.
Those Indians who began to protest were
arrested under the new Rowlatt Act,
which allowed the British to arrest and
send Indians to prison for up to two
years without a trial.
In 1919, British authorities opened fire on a
large gathering of Indians in the town of
Amritsar, claiming they were gathering
illegally.
Over 400 people were killed and another
1200 wounded. This massacre made
Indians all over the country furious, and
almost overnight they were united in a
call for complete independence.
Following the slaughter at Amritsar,
Mohandas Gandhi began to urge Indians
to refuse to cooperate with British laws
they felt were unjust.
He also urged them to be sure they did
nothing violent in their protests. His
goal was to show the world the injustice
of British rule in India.
Gandhi called his plan civil disobedience
(the non-violent refusal to obey an unfair
law).
Indians all over the country began to follow
Gandhi’s lead, boycotting British-made
goods, refusing to attend second-class
schools, and refusing to pay unfair taxes.
In time, these efforts began to hurt the
British economy, which was dependent
on colonial markets.
Though the British authorities often
responded with arrests and beatings,
Gandhi and his followers refused to do
the same.
The world watched as the British Empire found
itself unable to stop the protests and Indian
refusal to obey unfair British laws.
In 1935, sixteen years after the slaughter at
Amritsar, the British government gave up. The
British passed the Government of India Act
that gave India some self government.
This was a start, but not the independence
most Indians wanted.
When WWII ended, the British decided to
grant India independence. However by
this time disputes had begun between
Muslims and Hindus.
The British colonial leaders decided that
the only way to grant independence and
avoid fighting was to divide the country
into Hindu and Muslim regions.
Feelings of nationalism in each group were
more strongly influenced by religion than
by any other factors the people had in
common.
August 1947, British rule in India came to an end
and the independent countries of India and
Pakistan were created.
VIETNAM
From the early 1900s what is now Vietnam
was a French colony and was known as
French Indochina.
Starting in 1930’s a young man, Ho Chi
Minh, began to work for Vietnamese
independence from the French.
Minh organized an Indochinese Communist
Party.
When WWII began Ho Chi Minh hoped it
would mean the end of French rule in his
country. He helped to found a new group,
the Vietminh League, a group that had
Vietnamese independence as its goal.
Unfortunately, when the war ended, the
French moved to regain control of its
colonial possession, which they still
called French Indochina.
For the next nine years, Ho Chi Minh and his
Vietminh fought the French colonial
forces.
Although the French were able to maintain
control of most of the cities, particularly
in the south, the people in the
countryside worked with Ho Chi Minh.
The Vietnamese wanted control of their
own country.
In 1954 the French were defeated and Ho
Chi Minh gained control. All parties to
the conflict went to Geneva, Switzerland
for a conference to end French
involvement in Vietnam.
At this Geneva Conference the U.S.
became alarmed at the prospect of Ho
Chi Minh ruling Vietnam.
The U.S. feared that a communist Vietnam
would lead other countries in the area to
become communist. This was known as
the Domino Theory (if one country fell
to communism, all the others would fall
as well).
The U.S. used its influence to have Vietnam
divided into two parts. Ho Chi Minh was
in charge of the north and the U.S. was
in control of the south.
The plan was to stabilize the country and
then let the people vote on what type of
government they wanted.
The U.S. hoped to find someone they could
put up as a democratic alternative to Ho
Chi Minh, so the country could be
reunited, but as a democracy rather
than as a communist state.
As war broke out and years went by the
Vietnamese became more anxious to
have independence.
Many in the southern part of the country
sympathized with those of the north,
seeing them as fellow countrymen rather
than the enemy.
Feelings of nationalism among the
Vietnamese people were more important
than ideas about what political system
they should have.
After many years of fighting and the loss of
many thousands of lives among the
Vietnamese as well as American forces,
the U.S. withdrew its forces from
Vietnam in April 1975.
Ho Chi Minh’s forces took over the country
and unified it the next day as the
Republic of Vietnam. While the country
was communist, most of the other
countries in the region did not become
communist.
Agenda Message:
Today we are taking a
Mock-Benchmark Test.
Essential Question: December 16th
What is a Benchmark Test?