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Farsightedness, or hyperopia, as it is medically termed, is a vision condition in which distant objects are
usually seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too
short or the cornea has too little curvature, so light entering your eye is not focused correctly.Common signs
of farsightedness include difficulty in concentrating and maintaining a clear focus on near objects, eye strain,
fatigue and/or headaches after close work, aching or burning eyes, irritability or nervousness after sustained
concentration.
Nearsightedness, or myopia, as it is medically termed, is a vision condition in which close objects are seen
clearly, but objects farther away appear blurred. Nearsightedness occurs if the eyeball is too long or the
cornea, the clear front cover of the eye, has too much curvature. As a result, the light entering the eye isn’t
focused correctly and distant objects look blurred. A common sign of nearsightedness is difficulty with the
clarity of distant objects like a movie or TV screen or the chalkboard in school
Cataracts- clouding of lens due to changes in lens proteins; general darkening of vision; loss of acuity, distortion
Glaucoma- increased intraocular pressure; atrophy of optic nerve; lost peripheral vision (tunnel vision); possible
blindness
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Glaucoma is a term describing a group of ocular disorders with multi-factorial etiology united by a
clinically characteristic intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy.[1] This can permanently
damage vision in the affected eye(s) and lead to blindness if left untreated. It is normally associated
with increased fluid pressure in the eye (aqueous humour). The term "ocular hypertension" is used
for people with consistently raisedintraocular pressure (IOP) without any associated optic nerve
damage. Conversely, the term 'normal tension' or 'low tension' glaucoma is used for those with optic
nerve damage and associated visual field loss, but normal or low IOP.
Macular degeneration- loss of central vision associated with age-related degeneration of macula; typically retain
some peripheral vision, but have inc. sensitivity to glare & difficulty with light changes; may progress to total
blindness
Diabetic retinopathy- damage to retinal capillaries, retinal detachment; central vision is impaired, vision is blurred
CVA, Homonymous hemianopsia- loss of ½ of visual field in each eye (nasal half of one eye and temporal half of
other eye); produces an inability to receive info from right or left side (corresponds to side of sensorimotor
impairment)
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Hemianopsia or hemianopia is visual field loss on the left or right side of the vertical midline. It can
affect one eye but usually affects both eyes. Homonymous hemianopsia, or homonymous hemianopia,
is hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes. Homonymous hemianopsia occurs
because the right half of the brain has visual pathways for the left hemifield of both eyes, and the left
half of the brain has visual pathways for the right hemifield of both eyes. When one of these
pathways is damaged, the corresponding visual field is lost.