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Human Body Test # 1 Review Body Systems name the system that breaks down food into nutrients the digestive system name the system that controls the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide the respiratory system name the system that transports nutrients to cells and gets rid of cellular wastes circulatory system name the system that receives and sends messages throughout the body the nervous system name the system that is the protective outer layer of the body integumentary system What does the urinary system do? removes liquid waste from the body Which system protects the body from disease? the immune system Homeostasis Why does your body perspire (sweat) during exercise? perspiration (sweat) cools your body temperature give an example of homeostasis in the human body homeostasis examples: temperature, insulin, glucose, heart rate, blood pressure Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain homeostasis The respiratory system supplies oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The circulatory system distributes needed gases and nutrients to the cells, and carries wastes away to other parts of the body. The two systems work together to meet the energy requirements of the body as the level of activity by the body changes. When you breathe faster more oxygen is taken into the body. Why would this happen? What does the body do with the oxygen? Be specific. You would breathe faster if you were working harder, because you would need to produce more energy. Oxygen would be inhaled by the respiratory system and delivered to cells by the circulatory system. Glucose and oxygen would combine to produce energy by the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. List the 4 types of tissues and the function of each 1. connective – joins, supports, and protects 2. epithelial – covers body surface and lines organs, protection 3. nervous – sends and receives signals/ messages 4. muscular – skeletal muscle (movement), smooth muscle (organs & blood vessels), and cardiac muscle (heart muscle) Skeletal System What type of tissue are the following structures, and what does each do? ligaments tendons cartilage •They are all connective tissue. ligaments – connect bone to bone tendons – connect bone to muscle cartilage – cushion ends of bone • List the functions of the skeletal system. 1. protects organs 2. movement of body 3. produces blood cells 4. structure/support 5. stores minerals/fats Explain the advantage of having: small or short bones long bones flat bones small or short bones – flexibility/balance/ small movements long bones – large movements/strength flat bones – protection of organs Explain the location and function of fixed and partially fixed (partially movable) joints. • Fixed joints are located in the cranium and do not move because the skull protects the brain. • Partially fixed (or partially movable) joints are located in your ribs and only move slightly to allow you to inhale and exhale. You would not be able to breathe unless the ribs were able to move slightly. What does red marrow do, and where is it found? Red marrow is found in spongy bone and produces blood cells. Explain how a broken bone heals. • The injury is flooded with natural painkillers called endorphins, which temporarily block out pain. • An injury will swell because the body is sending extra oxygen and nutrients to the injury to begin the healing process. • A large hematoma, which is a collection of blood, surrounds the break in the bone. • Within four weeks the hematoma will harden around the break, making the injured area extra strong. • Over the next several months, osteoclasts will "eat away" the hardened hematoma and the injury will be repaired. • Within a year of the injury, the bone will be almost as strong as it was before the break. Muscular System Identify the three types of muscle and indicate where they are found, or what they do. 1. skeletal – found throughout body connected to bones; moves bones 2. cardiac – found in heart; pumps blood 3. smooth – found in blood vessels & digestive system; moves materials Explain how muscles work. – muscles work in pairs by pulling on bones – muscles take turns contracting and relaxing – flexors bend bones; extensors straighten bones Identify the flexor and extensors of the arm and leg. arm – flexor = bicep extensor = tricep leg – flexor = hamstring extensor = quadricep Miscellaneous Identify a connection between the following body systems: skeletal & muscular skeletal & respiratory skeletal & circulatory respiratory & circulatory skeletal & muscular – work together for movement skeletal & respiratory – ribs move to make breathing possible skeletal & circulatory – blood is made in bones respiratory & circulatory – work together to provide oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide