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World History: Unit 1 Exam Standards: SSWH1 and SSWH2 Topics: Early River Civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt), Hinduism, and Buddhism Test Format: 20 multiple choice questions 5 short answer questions 1 constructed response question Terms, People, and Places Primary Source Is an original source coming from the year in which it was created. Secondary Source Experts who look at primary sources and compile them into a new source. Mesopotamia Land between two rivers. Pyramid Is the tomb of Pharaoh’s. Hinduism Is a religion where Brahma is the top creator God and followers work to attain Moksha. Buddhism IS a religion founded by Siddartha Gautama whose followers work to attain Nirvana and obey the 4 Noble Truths. Hammurabi’s Law Code A uniform system of laws that are based on social class. Polytheism A belief in many Gods Ziggurat A Sumerian Temple. Cuneiform Sumerian system of writing based on wedge symbols Hieroglyphics Egyptian system of writing based on pictures. Theocracy Government in which the ruler is a divine figure. Siddhartha Gautama Founder of Buddhism. Hammurabi Emperor of Babylon. Reincarnation When someone’s soul returns into another body after death. Karma The good and bad deeds we do in this life. Nile River River where the Egyptian empire was located. They thought it was holy and given to them by the Gods. If you can answer these questions, you can pass the test: 1. What are the main beliefs/rituals of Hinduism? Brahma: Is the creator God who takes the form of many other Gods. Followers work to attain Moksha and move up in the Caste system through Karma. 2. What are the main beliefs/rituals of Buddhism? They believe in working to achieve Nirvana and that is through the 4 Noble Truths. Life is full of suffering. Suffering is caused by desire. We must remove desire to remove suffering. That is through doing things in moderation or the “middle path”. 3. List examples of laws from Hammurabi’s Code. An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. 4. What did Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt have in common? (Think: writing, religion, irrigation/water, government types, etc.) A written language, rivers that gave life, they were polytheistic, both governments were theocracies. 5. What civilization used hieroglyphics? Egypt 6. What civilization used cuneiform? Sumeria 7. What advantages did civilizations have for settling along rivers? Water for crops, livestock, drinking, transportation. 8. Iraq. Mesopotamia is what modern-day country? 9. How were social classes determined in India’s caste system? You were born into them and they were based on occupation. 10. How were religion and government related in Ancient Egypt? The Pharaoh was seen as a God. (Theocracy). 11. Hindus believe that karma.... The good and bad deeds we do in this life we will be judged on and reincarnated based on our actions ( move up or down a caste) 12. How did punishments in Hammurabi’s Law Code differ by social class? It varied in severity based on social class. 13. What is the difference between a ziggurat and a pyramid? A ziggurat is a sumerian temple and the Pyramids are the tombs of the Pharaohs. 14. Be able to put dates in order from oldest to most recent! AD/CE, Bc/BCE 15. a. b. Constructed response: CHOOSE ONE… Describe the differences and similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism. Describe how religion and political authority were connected in Ancient Egypt.