Download The Digestive System

Part 2
» Foods are physically broken down into smaller
pieces.
» Begins when you take your first bite of food
» Your teeth are the first stage in mechanical
digestion by chewing, chopping into smaller
bits, separating parts, moving from one place to
another, or mixing parts together.
» Chemicals produced by the body break foods
into smaller chemical building blocks.
» Begins in the mouth
» When food is changed chemically; when acids,
bases, and enzymes work on the carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats in your food and change it
into smaller molecules and deliver nutrients to
your cells.
» Occurs after food has been digested.
» Process by which nutrient molecules pass
through the wall of the digestive system into
the blood
» Nutrients are moved through the small
intestines and then dispersed to other major
organs.
» Nerve and hormone regulators control the
process of digestion.
» The digestive system is connected to other
systems.
» Digestion  break down food for nutrients
» Respiration  nutrients broken down into
molecules and released to major organs
» Circulation  molecules help blood flow,
oxygen and energy dispersed throughout the
body.
Carbohydrates
» Provide energy for all body functions.
» Are the easiest macronutrient to digest and
leave the stomach most rapidly, followed by
proteins than fats.
» Start breaking down in the mouth
» Breaks down into sugars which enters the blood
stream and provides energy throughout body.
Proteins
» Used for growth and repair of body tissues
» Takes longer to digest but once smaller particles
are in the liver one of 3 things happen
˃ 1. It converts to glucose,
˃ 2. It converts to fat or
˃ 3. It is directly released into the blood as amino acids.
Vitamins
» help regulate body functions, build cells
» Vitamins are absorbed mainly in the small
intestine.
» Fat is the transport for which the vitamins are
delivered to the liver.
Mineral
» Build cells, take part in chemical reactions, carry
oxygen, and serve nerve impulses.
» Intestinal absorption of minerals increases
when the body is lacking the particular nutrient.
Fats
» Store energy, help absorb some vitamins and
cushion organs.
» Major breakdown of fats happen mostly in the
small intestine.
» When foods with high lipid content enter the
stomach, the hormone – gastric inhibitory peptide
is released, slowing down movement flow out of
the stomach.
» This is why we feel full after eating high fat foods.
Water
» Carries other substances, enables chemical
reactions, removes waste products from cells.
» Saliva, gastric secretions, bile, pancreatic acids and
intestinal secretions take up approximately 7 liters
of water, when combined with an intake of an
average of 2 liters of water ingested, the body is
processing approximately 9 liters of water daily.
» 72% is absorbed in the first half of the small
intestine, 20% is absorbed in the lower half of the
small intestine, and 6% is absorbed in the large
intestine.