Download Mongols L3

7.24 Describe and locate the Mongol conquest of China
including Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
• Dominant nomadic
group in central Asia
• The first non-Chinese
people to rule all of
China
Click picture for a 2:26 video Mongol Empire
• Came from
Mongolia
Lived in yurts – moveable tents
• Raised horses,
sheep, and
yaks (longhaired oxen)
Genghis Khan - Temujin
 Unified the Mongol clans
 Organized Mongol laws to create a new legal code
 Formed a group of clan chiefs to help him plan military
campaigns
Genghis Khan Military Reforms
Army of over 100,000
trained warriors
Placed in groups
called units
Units under skilled
officers
Officers chosen
because of abilities
NOT social position
=
The most
skilled
fighting
force in the
world at
this time.
Mongol Expansion
Conquered the
people on the
steppe
• Brought tribute money
• Attracted new recruits
AD 1211
Invaded China
• 3 years
controlled
northern China
Looked West
Invaded kingdoms
that controlled the
Silk Road
• Because of their
cruel fighting and
use of terror… many
gave up without
fighting.
After Genghis Khan
• After his death in 1227 AD
– Territory divided among his sons to rule.
– This divided up the great fighting force, as
well
• Conquests continued
– Parts of eastern and
central Europe
– Persia
– Baghdad
– Syria and Palestine
– Korea
– Vietnam
Mongol Conquest of China –
Kublai Khan
• Grandson of Genghis Khan
• Wanted to control ALL of
China
– Ended the Song dynasty in
southern China
– Declared himself emperor
– Started the Yuan dynasty –
which lasted about 100
years
• Yuan means “beginning”
– Ruled for 30 years
Cultural Blending? NOT
• Mongol culture differed for Chinese Culture
• Mongols had their own language, laws, and
customs.
• This separated them from the people that they
ruled
• Mongols lived apart from the Chinese and did not
socialize with them.
Do you think this was or was
not a wise plan for the Mongols?
Yuan Government
• No civil service examinations
• Government jobs open to non-Chinese
people – Mongols and Turks
• However did respect Confucian writings
• Allowed Chinese scholar-officials to keep
their posts
Yuan Government
• Respected others religions
• China reached the height of its wealth
and power under Mongol rule.
• Mongols gradually gained support of
many of the Chinese people
Trade
• Built ships
• Expanded seagoing trade
• Traded silk, tea, and porcelain
Marco Polo
• From Venice, Italy
• Visited China
• For almost 16 years was a
privileged resident of China
• Kublai sent him on trips all
over the region to gather
information and conduct
business