Download Introduction to Emotion

Emotion
Myers Ch. 8B
mood o'clock
stereomood
What does this symbol
mean?
(^_^)
:)
(;_;)
:(
(o,o)
Define Emotion…
• Positive or negative experience that is
associated with a particular pattern of
physiological activity
Would you
like to never
be sad again?
What is the
role of
emotion in
society? Your
life?
Complete Handout 8B-2
Cartoon Analysis Activity
Theories of Emotions
• James-Lange Theory
Theories of emotions
• James-Lange Theory
Theories of emotions
• James-Lange Theory
Other examples…
• Sad because we cry
• Angry because we hit
• Afraid because we tremble
Analysis of James-Lange
Falls Short…
• 1) Pounding heart can
mean many things…
• 2) autonomic nervous
system isn’t fast
enough…i.e., blush and
embarrassment happen
at the same time…how
can one be causing the
other.
• 3) We have difficulty
detecting changes in
autonomic functioning
Support
• Quadriplegics
experience dulled
sense of emotion
Theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Theories of emotions
Two-Factor Theory—emotions are inferences
of similar bodily states
• Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor Theory
oSchachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor Theory
oSchachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
Support for 2-Factor
• When people work out
(i.e., activate
autonomic nervous
system) they find
attractive people more
attractive, annoying
people more annoying,
laugh harder at jokes,
etc…
• Why action movies
always end as love
stories
• Cognitive misattribution
Criticisms
• Autonomic nervous
system more intricate
than we thought
• We can now measure
galvanic skin response
and heart rate with
more precision
o Fear and disgust=higher
galvanic skin response
than sadness or anger
o Anger=higher fingertip
temp than fear
• Zajonc (ZY-unz)
o —infants copy emotion
and express emotion
without cognition
o Therefore—cognition
follows emotion
• Izard
o James-Lange was correct
o Adds facial expression
and bodily
movement/posture in
addition to nervous system
o We control our own
emotional response?
Biofeedback/Learning
Applications
• Military training—control breathing, heart rate, etc…
=reduced fear? (James-Lange)
• Stress, meditation, yoga, etc…impact on emotions?
The effects of facial
expressions...(Izard)
• Can we cure
depression through
botox?
• “Fake it until you make
it”
• 9 of 10 participants no
longer showed
symptoms of clinical
depression two months
after treatment
Detecting Emotion
• ACT—handout 8B-8—
non-verbal
expressiveness.
• 8B-9—Detecting
deception
• Autism
o Myths/Facts
o TED TAlK-EMOTIONAL ROBOTS
Regulating Emotion
• Complete handout 8B-4
• Reappraisal—changing
emotional experience by
changing meaning of
stimulus (2-factor)
• Suppression—dealing with
emotion later
• High scores of reappraisal =
greater experience of
positive emotions and
better interpersonal
functioning
Experienced Emotion
• 8B-11—AIM- How
intense are your
emotions?
• High scores tend to
have more complex
goals and report more
psycho-physiological
distress symptoms
• 8B-12—PANAS Scales
o Positive affect and negative
affect
Facial Expressions
• Paul Ekman
o Expressions that last for
less than half second
and more than 5 are
most likely insincere
o Less symmetrical and
abrupt expressions are
insincere
• Evolutionary?
o Cross-cultural
o Blind from birth display
emotions same way
Disgust
• Scientists have
discovered that those
with Huntington’s
Disease
(neurodegenerative
disease) can’t
recognize facial
expressions for disgust
Envy/Jealousy
• Handout 8B-16
• All cultures have a
word for envy...it is
culturally pervasive
Fear
• S.M.—a woman studied
at the University of Iowa
has a degenerative
disease of the
amygdala and has no
fear.
• Can we be ‘scared to
death?’
o Yes.
o Adrenaline and
catecholamine
Anger
• Does catharsis really
work?
• Fried Green Tomatoes
• 8B-19—Anger
Discomfort Scale
Sadness
• Tahitians do not have
words for sadness,
loneliness, longing…
• Perceived as a sickness
(linguistic determinism?)
• Also have many more
words for anger and fear
than English but rarely
express them…does the
ability to articulate
emotion result in better
emotional management?
Happiness
• Handout 8B-21—What
makes you happy?
• SciAm Mind: “Pursuit of
Happiness”
• Adaptation-level
phenomenon—if you go
from making $50,000/year
to $500,000 your
happiness will adapt as
develop a new norm
• Relative Deprivation—
better or worse than
comparison group
Stress and Health
• 8B-25: (SUS)
• 8B-26: (Response to
Stress)
• 8B-29: (Type D
Personality)
• Circular pattern of
extended stress
o Cortisol
o Adrenaline
o Repeat
Stress
• The process by which
we perceive and
respond to certain
events.
• GAS (Seyle)—General
Adaptation
Syndrome—alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
Biological
Perspective/Stress
• Health
Psychology—PNI
o Psychoneuroimmunology—
psychological, neural,
endocrine systems effect
health and immune system
o Growing field
Review:
• Explain why we
experience emotion
from the 7 perspectives
of psychology.