Download LESSON 3 Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Chapter 13
Your Body Systems
Lesson 3
Your Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Building Vocabulary
circulatory
system
The group of organs and tissues that carry needed
materials to cells and remove their waste products
cardiovascular
system
Organs and tissues that transport essential materials to
body cells and remove their waste products
heart
The muscle that acts as the pump for the circulatory
system
arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to
various parts of the body
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Building Vocabulary
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body
back to the heart
capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all
body cells and connect arteries and veins
cell respiration
Process in which the body’s cells are nourished and
energized
pulmonary
circulation
When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs,
and back to the heart
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Building Vocabulary
systemic
circulation
When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except
the lungs
plasma
The yellowish, watery part of blood
respiratory
system
The organs that supply your blood with oxygen
lungs
Two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Building Vocabulary
respiration
The exchange of gases between your body and the air
larynx
The upper part of the respiratory system, which contains
the vocal cords
trachea
A passageway in your throat that takes air into and out of
your lungs
epiglottis
A flap of tissue in the back of your mouth that keeps food
out of your trachea
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Building Vocabulary
bronchi
Two passageways that branch from the trachea, one to
each lung
diaphragm
A large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that
expands and compresses the lungs, enabling breathing
air quality
index (AQI)
A measure of ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and
fine particles close to the ground
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Circulatory System
Your circulatory system keeps your body working. The circulatory
system includes the heart, different types of blood vessels, and the
blood. It is also called the cardiovascular system.
New Vocabulary
circulatory system The group of organs and tissues that carry needed materials to cells
and remove their waste products
New Vocabulary
cardiovascular system Organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body
cells and remove their waste products
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Circulatory System
The circulatory system moves blood to and from tissues in the body.
The blood delivers oxygen, food, and other materials to cells. It also
carries waste products away from cells.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
Your heart is always at work. It pushes blood through tubes called
blood vessels.
New Vocabulary
heart The muscle that acts as the pump for the circulatory system
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
The three different types of blood vessels are: arteries, veins, and
capillaries.
New Vocabulary
arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
New Vocabulary
veins Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart
New Vocabulary
capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect
arteries and veins
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
The process in which the body's cells are nourished is called cell
respiration.
New Vocabulary
cell respiration Process in which the body’s cells are nourished and energized
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
Pulmonary circulation takes place when blood travels from the
heart, through the lung, and back to the heart. When blood travels
this path, it gets rid of carbon dioxide. It also fills up with oxygen.
Then systemic circulation begins. At the same time, blood also
delivers other nutrients to the cells and picks up waste products
New Vocabulary
pulmonary circulation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to
the heart
New Vocabulary
systemic respiration When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
The top chambers of the heart are called atria. Blood enters the
heart through the two atria. The lower chambers are called
ventricles.
Blood leaves the heart through the two ventricles. Blood pressure is
highest when the heart contracts, or pushes out blood. It is lowest
between heartbeats, when the heart relaxes.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of The Circulatory System
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Blood
Blood supplies your body with nutrients. It also helps fight off
illness. Blood is made up of several parts—both liquids and
solids. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. Its job is to
transport blood cells and dissolve food. The solid parts of blood
include red and white blood cells and platelets.
New Vocabulary
plasma The yellowish, watery part of blood
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Blood
Red blood cells
carry oxygen to all other cells in the body. They also
carry away some waste products.
White blood cells
help the various body systems destroy diseasecausing germs.
Platelets
are small, disk-shaped structures that help your
blood clot.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Blood
Red blood cells are one of four specific types: A, B, AB, or O.
Your blood type is inherited from your parents and remains the
same throughout your life.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Blood
Some blood types are compatible. This means they can be safely
mixed if a person needs blood. Mixing blood types that are not
compatible can be harmful or even fatal.
People with any blood type can receive type O. As a result, people
with type O blood are called "universal donors." People with type AB
blood can receive any blood type but can only give to others with
type AB. They are known as "universal recipients."
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Blood
Blood may also carry an Rh factor, or a protein found on the surface
of red blood cells. Blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative.
People with Rh-positive blood can receive blood from donors who are
either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. People with Rh-negative blood can
only receive blood from donors who are also Rh-negative.
Both the blood type and the Rh factor must be compatible in order
for blood to be received safely.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Problems Affecting the Circulatory System
Hypertension, which is also called high blood pressure. It can lead to
kidney failure, heart attack, or stroke.
Heart attack, or the blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Stroke, which usually results from blood clots in the brain, or from a
torn blood vessel.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Problems Affecting the Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis, or a condition in which arteries harden and reduce
blood flow.
Anemia, which is an abnormally low level of hemoglobin, a protein
that binds to oxygen in the red blood cells.
Leukemia, or a type of cancer in which abnormal white blood
interfere with production of other blood cells.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Respiratory System
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. Air moves
in and out of your lungs through the respiratory system. Breathing
in, or inhaling, brings oxygen into your lungs.
New Vocabulary
lungs Two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
New Vocabulary
respiratory system The organs that supply your blood with oxygen
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Your Respiratory System
Your blood circulates through your lungs, exchanging carbon dioxide
for oxygen. This process is called respiration. Exhaling, or breathing
out, is the action of your lungs getting rid of carbon dioxide and
other waste materials from your body.
New Vocabulary
respiration The exchange of gases between your body and the air
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of the Respiratory System
When you breathe in, air enters through the nose and mouth. In the
nose, air is warmed and moistened. Hairs and sticky mucus in the
nose help track dust and dirt from the air. Air passes through the
nose and mouth into the throat.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of the Respiratory System
The pharynx is a tube-like passageway at the top of the throat that
receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose.
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx. It
keeps food and liquids from entering the respiratory system.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of the Respiratory System
Air passes from the pharynx into a triangle-shaped area called the
larynx. Two thick folds of tissue in the larynx—the vocal cords—
vibrate and make sounds as air passes over them. The tissues of the
larynx allow a person to speak.
New Vocabulary
larynx The upper part of the respiratory system, which contains the vocal cords
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Parts of the Respiratory System
Air then enters the trachea. The epiglottis covers the trachea when
you eat and uncovers it when you breathe. The trachea branches into
two narrower tubes called bronchi. Inside the lungs, the bronchi
continue to branch off into even smaller tubes.
New Vocabulary
trachea A passageway in your throat that takes air into and out of your lungs
New Vocabulary
epiglottis A flap of tissue in the back of your mouth that keeps food out of your trachea
New Vocabulary
bronchi Two passageways that branch from the trachea, one to each lung
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
How You Breathe
When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts, allowing the lungs to
expand and fill with air. When you breathe out, the diaphragm
expands. As it gets larger, it pushes on the lungs, forcing out the air.
Breathing involves both voluntary and involuntary muscle movements.
You do not have to think about breathing. However, you can hold your
breath or control the rate of your breathing.
New Vocabulary
diaphragm A large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that expands and
compresses the lungs, enabling breathing
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Problems Affecting the Respiratory System
Tobacco smoke, chemicals, germs, and air pollution are harmful to
your health because they can damage the many parts of your
respiratory system. Some respiratory illnesses can make breathing
difficult. Others can become life-threatening.
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Problems Affecting the Respiratory System
Lesson Home
LESSON 3
Your Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
BIG IDEA
Your heart is the center of your circulatory system, and your lungs are the center of your respiratory system.
Caring for Your Circulatory System
• Set a goal of getting 60 minutes of physical activity each day.
• Try to limit the amount of fat you eat.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Learn to manage the stress in your life.
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