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Write all the information on all the slides. If there is a picture on the slide, it must be drawn as well. You may choose the format for your notes: • regular • c-note style. Groundwater Where does it come from? It comes from precipitation that soaks into the ground! There are spaces between the soil or rock particles and the water trickles through these spaces. Porosity & Permeability Porosity: the space between rock in a given volume of soil; it is usually expressed as a percentage (pore space) “The soil has a porosity of 26%”. This means if you have 100 mL of soil, 26 mL will be “open” pore space. Permeability: how easily water flows through a soil; usually given as a rate (mL/sec or mL/min) Material that water cannot pass through is called IMPERMEABLE. Clay and granite are examples of impermeable materials. Porosity Permeability Increasingly impermeable Water Zones Once water reaches an impermeable layer, water is trapped and water begins to fill up the spaces above the impermeable layer. The area that becomes totally filled with water is called the SATURATED ZONE. The top of the saturated zone is called the WATER TABLE. Bringing Up Groundwater Springs: where the water table meets the surface of the ground Aquifers Aquifer: Any layer of soil/rock that holds water. They can small or as large as several states! There are confined and unconfined aquifers. Ogallala Aquifer Wells Wells – holes that are drilled to reach the aquifer; must be drilled below the water table! The bottom of the well should be in the saturated zone. Artesian Wells Water rises in this type of well because there is pressure within the aquifer. Water is trapped between impermeable layers and when it is punctured the pressure sends water upward! Watershed An area of land where the surface water and groundwater drains into a particular body of water separated from each other by drainage divides