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QUICK WRITE What do you know about poetry? WHAT IS POETRY AND WHY READ IT? “Poetry is language at its most distilled and most powerful.” WHAT IS POETRY? *Most simply, a form of literature written in lines (verse) instead of sentences (prose). *Noun. the art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. *Poetry is language at its most distilled and most powerful. –Rita Dove *Poetry is the one place where people can speak their original human mind. It is the outlet for people to say in public what is known in private. –Alan Ginsberg *Genuine poetry can communicate before it is understood. –T.S. Eliot WHY READ POETRY? “Read poetry because the political and environmental realities make you weep and poetry can help. Poetry can help. Read poetry because it offers no answers, no advice, no cures, just understanding and love and timing. Read poetry because the world is more than the facts of the world. Read poetry because you don't have enough mystery in your life and you want to become even more mysterious (re: attractive) than you are already are. Read poetry because you have poems in you that need to be written. Read poetry because birds, honeysuckle, lit windows, new shoes, walking outside, donuts, lipstick, fresh peaches, cocktails, kisses in the rain produce in you a feeling that you never want to lose, but you will, and the only thing you can do is pay better attention when the feeling comes again. And here it comes. And there it goes. Was it as rich as it could be? Life is so short, my friends. But poetry makes it last a bit longer. It does. It is true.” –Don Chelotti Dead Poet's Society “POETRY IS MUSIC WRITTEN FOR THE HUMAN VOICE.”---MAYA ANGELOU ♥Poetry loves an audience and is written to be heard. ♥Poetry is news—news of the mind, news of the heart. ♥Poetry flows from different geographies and cultures, and infuses new idioms and energy into language. THE POET’S LANGUAGE ♥Image: brings an experience to life by appealing to the senses. (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell) ♥Symbol: carries a literal meaning while having a larger significance. ♥Metaphor: imaginative comparisons that may be pale when spelled out in literal terms. THE POET’S LANGUAGE (CONT.) ♥Rhyme: an echo produced when the poet repeats the same sounds (end rhyme, slant or off rhyme, internal rhyme) ♥Stanza: a set of related lines with a pattern (may be repeated) ♥Meter: regulates the rhythm of ordinary speech ♥Foot: two syllables HOW TO APPROACH POETRY *Always read poems at least three times. *First read – Look for words/lines that stand out or things that don’t make sense; get a general “feel” for the poem. *Second read – Start to notice figurative language, patterns, and meaning. *Third read – Using what you’ve gathered, read again. While the act of reading a poem silently to oneself can be a very powerful, private experience, it’s useful to also read poetry OUT LOUD to hear the meter and the rhythm! HINTS TO READING POETRY ♥Focus on words-- decode the meanings. In a short poem, every word counts. ♥Have a personal response– As readers, we experience a poem based upon private agendas, emotional needs, and moral values. ♥Focus in a pattern—a poem may ask a question and then work out an answer, or play off of opposites. THE OPEN EYE ♥Poets take you into a world of language. They expect you to read their poems with an open eye and willing ears. Look; marvel at what you see. ♥Think with abstraction: happiness, freedom, and honor. Imagine the vivid language. THIS IS JUST TO SAY WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS 1883-1963 I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold THE ROSE THAT GREW FROM CONCRETE BY TUPAC SHAKUR 1971-1996 Did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? Proving nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet. Funny it seems, but by keeping its dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air. Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared. USEFUL TERMS WHEN TALKING ABOUT POETRY Types of poems: Ballad- Any light, simple song, especially one of sentimental or romantic character, having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody. Blank Verse- Unrhymed lines of poetry usually in iambic pentameter. verse. Plenty of modern poetry is written in blank Elegy- A poem mourning the dead. Epic- A long poem narrating the adventures of a heroic figure—for example, Homer’s The Odyssey. Free Verse- Poetry with no set meter (rhythm) or rhyme scheme. Haiku- A major form of Japanese verse, written in 17 syllables divided into 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables, and employing highly evocative allusion and comparisons, often on the subject of nature or one of the seasons. Lyric- A type of poetry that expresses the poet’s emotions. It often tells some sort of brief story, engaging the reading in Sonnet- A fourteen-line poem written iambic pentameter. Different kinds of sonnets have different rhyme schemes. the experience. USEFUL TERMS WHEN TALKING ABOUT POETRY Organization of Poetry: Couplet- A pair of rhyming lines in a poem often from the rest of the poem. Shakespeare’s sonnets all end in rhyme. Stanza- A section of lines separated from the sections before and after it; a verse “paragraph.” Quatrain- A four-line stanza Caesura – A space in the middle of a line of poetry meant to make the reader pause. USEFUL TERMS WHEN TALKING ABOUT POETRY The Sounds and Rhythm of Poetry Alliteration: The repetition of first consonants in a group of words as in “Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers.” Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds as in “Days wane away.” Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds (example: humming and slimmer; steaks, clocks, and smoky) Internal rhyme: A rhyme that occurs within one line such as “He’s King of the Swing.” Slant rhyme: Beginning and end sounds the same; middle sound is different. (example: Ball & bell) Iambic Pentameter – HEARTBEAT METHOD OF ANNOTATION –TP-CASTT Title Paraphrase Connotation Attitude Shifts Title Theme I HEAR AMERICA SINGING Walt Whitman 1819-1892 1) I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, 2) Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, 3) The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, 4) The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, 5) The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the 6) steamboat deck, 7) The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, 8) The wood-cutter’s song, the ploughboy’s on his way in the morning, or at noon 9) intermission or at sundown, 10) The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl 11) sewing or washing, 12) Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, 13) The day what belongs to the day—at night the party of young fellows, robust, 14) friendly, 15) Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs. I, TOO – PAIR WORK Langston Hughes 1902-1967 1) I, too, sing America. 2) I am the darker brother. 3) They send me to eat in the kitchen 4) When company comes, 5) But I laugh, 6) And eat well, 7) And grow strong. 8) Tomorrow, 9) I’ll be at the table 10) When company comes. 11) Nobody’ll dare 12) Say to me, 13) “Eat in the kitchen,” 14) Then. 15) Besides, 16) They’ll see how beautiful I am 17) And be ashamed— 18) I, too, am America.