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VA and US History Pearl Harbor Lecture Notes: Unit 7 Lesson 3 Standard VUS.11a Bell Ringer Why do you think a country would take over another country? Resources, trade, or colonization… but mostly…to take their stuff and make money off of it. Key Points Industrial Japan = Imperial Japan Attack at Pearl Harbor America Enters the War The Battle of Midway Trade… In the 1850s, Commodore Matthew Perry is given orders to force Japan to trade with the United States… Pre-World War II Japan During the 1930s a militaristic Japan invaded and brutalized Manchuria and China as it sought military and economic domination over Asia. The United States refused to recognize Japanese conquests in Asia and imposed an embargo on exports of oil and steel to Japan. Tensions rose but both countries negotiated to avoid war. Quote of the Day “So long as Japan remained a well-behaved member of that imperial club of Great Powers who-in keeping with the Open Door Policy- were sharing the exploitation of China, the United States did not object. It had exchanged notes with Japan in 1917 saying "the Government of the United States recognizes that Japan has special interests in China." In 1928…when Japan …moved toward the tin, rubber, and oil of Southeast Asia, that the United States became alarmed and took those measures which led to the Japanese attack: a total embargo on scrap iron, a total embargo on oil in the summer of 1941.” -- Howard Zinn (historian) Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor Ten years later, the United States is negotiating with Japan to end the tensions… While negotiating with the U.S. and without any warning, Japan carried out an air attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. The attack destroyed much of the American Pacific fleet and killed several thousand Americans. Surprise Attack Both the Army and Naval leaders expected an attack of some sort from the Japanese during that time, but underestimated the capability of the aircraft carrier. Attack Map Attack Begins USS Arizona prior to attack Sketch of Arizona Ruins The Battleship Arizona Memorial Declaration of War Against Japan On December 8, 1941, the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor,U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Japan. Roosevelt called December 7 "a date which will live in infamy." America is at war on all fronts After Pearl Harbor, Hitler honored a pact with Japan and declared war on the United States. The debates over isolationism in the United States were over. World War II was now a true world war and the United States was fully involved. Propaganda Poster Poster published by the United States Office of Information, 1942 Pacific Midway—In the “Miracle of Midway,” American naval forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it prepared to seize Midway Island. Coming only a few months after Pearl Harbor, a Japanese victory at Midway would have enabled Japan to invade Hawaii. The American victory ended the Japanese threat to Hawaii and began a series of American victories in the “island hopping” campaign that carried the war closer and closer to Japan. Japanese Strategy Following Pearl Harbor: Japan invaded the Philippines and Indonesia and planned to invade both Australia and Hawaii. Japanese leaders hoped that America would then accept Japanese predominance in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, rather than conduct a bloody and costly war to reverse Japanese gains Watch Movie Pearl Harbor