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How it works! ⢠Guard cells change shape using osmosis. ⢠To open stomata: guard cells âswellâ (water enters) ⢠To close stomata: guard cells "deflateâ (water leaves) ⢠How? Active transport pumps potassium ions either in or out of the guard cells to/from the surrounding cells. Water will follow where the potassium is pumped because it changes the concentration gradient due to the higher concentration of dissolved solutes (potassium in solution).