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Ronald Reagan
Republican
President from
1981 – 1989
• 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975),
and was a radio, film and television actor.
• 40th President of US. Won election of 1980
by defeating Jimmy Carter
• Tried to get people to believe in
themselves.
• Said, “Government is not the solution,
government is the problem.”
Iran Hostage Crisis
Reaganomics
A. Had to beat stagflation which was a
combination of high unemployment and
inflation.
B. The plan: high interest rates and cut
taxes.
C. Cutting taxes meant congress had to cut
some programs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Welfare programs
Medicare programs
Student loans
Unemployment compensation
Peace Through Strength
• An ancient phrase and concept implying
that strength of arms is a necessary
component of peace. The phrase is quite
old; it has famously been used by many
leaders from Roman Emperor Hadrian in
the first century AD, to Ronald Reagan in
the 1980s.
Reaganomics
• These policies are commonly associated with
supply-side economics, referred to as trickledown economics by political opponents and free
market economics by political advocates.
• The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy
were to reduce the growth of government
spending, reduce the federal income tax and
capital gains tax, reduce government regulation,
and tighten the money supply in order to reduce
inflation.
Iran-Contra Affair
• In 1985 people within the Reagan Administration are faced with two
problems
• Americans have been taken hostage in Lebanon by an Iranian
terrorist group
• Recent legislation has stopped U.S. funding to a coup against the
Communist regime in Nicaragua.
• They attempt to solve both problems by selling arms, indirectly to
Iran to help secure the release of the American hostages, and use
the profits from the sale of those arms to fund Nicaraguan rebels
• Both of the above are illegal, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, and
others within the Reagan administration are prosecuted, Reagan
would later apologize for being unaware of the entire situation
Question #1
• What are three ways Reagan proposed to
cut taxes?
Marines in Lebanon
• Origins in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
• With the creation of Israel, Palestinians were forced out of Israel to
other parts of the Middle East including Lebanon
• Within Lebanon were three factions-Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and
Christians who controlled the government with help by the U.S. and
French.
• Palestinians who had been living in Jordan since Arab-Israeli War
were again displaced many migrating to Lebanon which upset the
balance of power towards the Arab/Muslim factions
• The French and U.S. maintained military presence in the area, on
October 23, 1983, a terrorist group bombed American and French
barracks killing 299 U.S. and French soldiers
NAFTA
• North American Free Trade Agreement
• Signed between the U.S., Mexico, and
Canada
• Proposed and worked out under George
H.W. Bush, and ratified under President
Clinton
• Sought to eliminate tariffs between the
three countries to increase trade and
promote job growth
Sandra Day O’Connor
• Appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1981 as
the first women to serve on the U.S.
Supreme Court
Contract with America
• Released by the Republican Party during
the 1994 Congressional Campaign
• Promised Americans that if the
Republicans won a majority of the
Congress, they would lower taxes, shrink
the size of the government, and pass
entrepreneurial friendly legislation
Question #2
• What was NAFTA? And what did it do?
End of Cold War
• By the late 1980s Russia’s economy was
suffering due in part to the stagnation of oil
prices, and the U.S.S.R’s enormous
standing army
• With little money to control Russia’s lands
in Eastern Europe and the Middle East,
increasing rebellions in those areas led to
Soviet withdrawal
• Symbolically, the Cold War ended with the
destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989
Phyllis Schlafly
• Conservative Activist and staunch anti-feminist
• Outspoken opponent to Civil Rights legislation
• Outspoken opponent of the Domesticated Rape
movement
• Opponent to Roe v. Wade, calling it “the worst mistake
the Supreme Court has ever made”
• Opponent to Gay and lesbian rights
Question #3
• Why is Sandra Day O’Conner important?
Heritage Foundation
• Conservative think tank created in 1973 to
promote conservative political ideologies
• Wrote the “Contract with America”
• Heavily influenced the Presidencies of
Reagan, Bush Sr, Clinton, Bush Jr, and
Obama
• Currently fighting Obama’s Affordable
Health Care Act
Moral Majority
• Christian movement founded in 1976 by
Jerry Falwell
• Instrumental in Reagan’s reelection
campaign in 1984
• Pro-Christian ideology-anti-abortion, antihomosexual rights-advocated censorship
of American television
Question #4
• Why did the Cold War end?
National Rifle Association
• Founded in 1871 promotes gun safety and
awareness
• Aims to protect the Second Amendment
and the right to bear arms
• Lobby group in Washington fights to
prevent gun legislation
• Headed for many years by noted actor
Charlton Heston
Deregulation
A. Took controls off oil and gas prices.
B. Fewer regulations on air bags in cars.
C. Abandoned efforts to regulate the new
cable TV business.
D. Less control over airline industry.
E. Reduced safety regulations on chemicals
and pesticides.
F. Opened up more land for drilling and
mining.
6. By 1983 there were signs of
improvement.
7. Appointed Sandra Day O’Connor to
Supreme Court.
8. Won the election of 1984. Ran against
Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro –
1st woman to run a VP.
9. Foreign Policy
A. Reagan Doctrine: Support guerrilla
groups who were fighting Communism.
B. Afghanistan: Reagan sent $570 million to
Afghan guerrillas. Soviets could not be
successful and left.
C. Aided anti-Sandinista forces in
Nicaragua called ‘contras’. Congress
eventually said to stop.
D. Iran Contra Scandal
1. U.S. sold weapons to Iran in exchange
for the release of hostages.
2. Profits from these sales went to contras
in Nicaragua.
3. Became known as the Iran Contra
Scandal.
4. Reagan knew about the sale of arms to
Iran, but did not know about $ to contras.
George HW Bush
• 41st President
• Was Reagan’s Vice President
• Ran on platform of no new taxes
(Read my lips speech)
• Most noted for Desert Storm War against
Saddam Hussein when Iraqis invaded
Kuwait
Persian Gulf War
• Started after Iraqi President Saddam
Hussein invades Kuwait.
• U.N. Forces made up of 39 separate
countries fought against Iraqi forces
• Iraqi forces driven out of Kuwait, but they
do not invade Iraq.
Question #5
• Why was the Iran Contra Controversy
illegal?
The Balkans Crisis
• Ethnic war in Yugoslavia (Modern day
Serbia and Croatia)
• Ethnic tensions surface after USSR backs
out of Yugoslavia between the Croats and
Serbs.
• Ethnic cleansing, organized rape
• NATO, led by the U.S. under president
Clinton sent in troops to stop genocide
Impact of third parties on
presidential elections
• 3rd parties (parties in Presidential elections who are neither
Republican or Democrat) have on several occasions influenced
political policy by both of the major parties
• First third party candidate was Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose
Party)
• George Wallace in 68 captured 17% of the popular vote running on
a segregationists platform
• In the 96 Presidential election, Ross Perot influenced both
Democratic and Republican parties to address the growing national
deficit
• Goal of third parties in NOT election, but to influence Democrat and
Republican parties to adopt their issues
Bill Clinton
• 42 president of the
U.S. (Democrat)
• Sent troops to
Somalia and
Yugoslavia
• Signed NATO into law
• Economic prosperity
during his presidency
• Whitewater scandal
• Monica Lewinsky
scandal
Bill Clinton impeachment
• During his time in office, Clinton has an
affair with a White House intern Monica
Lewinsky
• Clinton lied under oath about the affair
• Republican Congress brings up
impeachment charges of obstruction of
justice, and lying under oath
Question #6
• What is the main objective of most 3rd
party candidates?
Presidential election of 2000 Supreme Court involvement
• Electoral votes in the 2000
election were close, Florida,
who counted for 25 electoral
votes would decide the
election
• Because the vote was so
close, several recounts were
ordered
• Eventually, the Supreme Court
ordered the recounts stopped
and declared Bush the
winner
• Gore lost despite winning the
popular vote
George W. Bush
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43 president of the U.S. (Republican)
President during 9/11
Patriot Act
No Child Left Behind
Hurricane Katrina
9/11
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On September 11 2001 four AA
passenger jets were hijacked by
terrorists associated with Al Qaeda
(Osama Bin Laden)
Two struck the World Trade Centers in
New York City
One struck the Pentagon in
Washington D.C.
One crashed in rural Pennsylvania
(suspected target the White House or
Capital building
Began the War on Terror
Reasons for attack included U.S.
support of Israel, military presence in
Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against
Iraq
USA Patriot Act 2001
• Controversial act which because of
heightened national security concerns
allowed government agencies like the FBI
CIA, and newly formed Dept. of Homeland
Security certain infringements on
Constitutional rights
• Included wiretapping of phones and
search and seizure of private records,
computer files, etc.
Question #7
• Why did the Supreme Court become
involved in the 2000 Presidential election?
Global War on Terror
• Multi-national armed forces tasked with
finding and ending terrorist threats
throughout the world
• Operation Iraqi/Enduring Freedom
• Focus also includes WMDs
Levee failure in New Orleans
after Hurricane Katrina
• New Orleans levee
designed in the 1940s by
the Army Corp of
Engineers fails in 50
different areas during
Hurricane Katrina
• Bush administration is
criticized for being slow
to act in New Orleans
Sam Walton
• American businessman and entrepreneur
born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma, best known
for founding the retailers Walmart and
Sam's Club.
Estee Lauder
• was an American businesswoman. She was the cofounder, along with her husband, Joseph Lauder, of
Estée Lauder Companies, her eponymous cosmetics
company. Lauder was the only woman on Time
magazine's 1998 list of the 20 most influential business
geniuses of the 20th century
Oprah Winfrey – social contributions
• American media proprietor, talk show
host, actress, producer, and
philanthropist.
• Winfrey is best known for her multiaward-winning talk show The Oprah
Winfrey Show which was the
highest-rated program of its kind in
history
• Dubbed the "Queen of All Media”,
she has been ranked the richest
African-American of the 20th century,
the greatest black philanthropist in
American history, and is currently
North America's only black
billionaire.
Robert L. Johnson
• American
businessman,
media magnate,
executive,
philanthropist and
investor.
• He is the founder
of Black
Entertainment
Television
Lionel Sosa
• Latino ad specialist,
began work on the
Reagan Campaign
• Worked to bring the
Latino vote to the
Republican Party
Question #8
• Why was the United States government
blamed for the fallout of Hurricane Katrina
in New Orleans (two reasons)