Download The Human Body Notebook

The
Human
Body
Notebook
This book belongs to: __________________
SKELETAL SYSTEM
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS:
LEARNING TARGETS
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM


I can describe the functions of the skeletal system.
I can describe how the skeletal system works with other systems
to maintain homeostasis.
The red blood cells, that transport
oxygen to cells throughout the
body, are produced in the long
bones of the arms and legs.
COMPONENTS:

Bone – provide the shape and support for your body.
FUNCTIONS:
1. Provides Shape and Support
a. Your skeleton determines the shape of your body, much as a steel
frame determines he shape of a building.
b. Your backbone is like a bead on a string. Just like as a beaded
necklace is flexible and able to bend, so too is your backbone. If
your backbone were just one bone, you would not be able to bend
or twist.
2. Enables you to Move
a. Your skeleton allows you to move. Muscles pull on the bones to
make the body move.
3. Protects your Organs
a. Bones also protect many of the organs in your body. Your skull
protects your brain, and your breastbone and ribs protect your
heart and lungs.
4. Produces Red Blood Cells
a. The spaces in many bones contain a soft, connective tissue called
marrow. There are two types red and yellow.
b. Red bone marrow produces most of the body’s blood cells. Yellow
bone marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve.
5. Stores minerals until your needs them
a. Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. When the
body needs these minerals, the bones release small amounts of
them into the blood.
1
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Two of the major components of
the nervous system, the brain and
spinal cord, are protected by the
skull and vertebrae
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
Muscles are attached to the bones
of the skeletal system to provide the
force that moves you. At the end of
each skeletal muscle is a tendon,
which is a strong connective tissue
that attaches muscle to bone.
22
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
LEARNING TARGETS


I can describe the functions of the muscular system.
I can describe how the muscular system works with other systems
to maintain homeostasis.
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS:
SKELETON
SYSTEM
COMPONENTS:

Skeletal Muscle – a voluntary muscle

Cardiac Muscle – a voluntary muscle found only in the heart

Smooth Muscle – a involuntary muscle
FUNCTIONS:
1. Involuntary VS. Voluntary Muscle
a. Involuntary Muscles are muscles that ARE NOT under your
conscious control.
b. Voluntary Muscles are muscles that ARE under your conscious
control.
2. Types of Involuntary Muscles
a. Smooth muscles wok automatically to control certain
movements inside your body like digestion.
b. Cardiac muscles are found only in the heat; repeatedly
contract (heartbeats), and they never get tired.
3. Types of Voluntary Muscles
a. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton
and provide the force that moves your bones.
21
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Skeletal muscle is attached to the
bones to provide force that moves
you. At each end of a skeletal
muscle is a tendon, which is a strong
connective tissue that attaches the
muscle to bone.
The smooth muscles of your
stomach contract producing a
churning action. The churning mixes
the food with chemicals, and helps
to digest the food.
The cardiac muscles are found only
in your heart. They contract
repeatedly to keep your heart
beating, which allows your body to
get the oxygen and nutrients it
needs.
2
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS:
LEARNING TARGETS
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM


I can describe the functions of the excretory system.
I can describe how the excretory system works with other systems
to maintain homeostasis.
COMPONENTS:

Kidneys – filter blood

Ureter – takes urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Bladder – collects urine

Urethra – connects the bladder to the outside world
ENDOCRINE
SY STEM
FUNCTIONS:
1. Removes the Wastes from the Body
a. Blood flows from an artery into a nephrons (tiny filter) in the
kidney
b. Blood reaches a cluster of capillaries. There, urea, water,
glucose, and other materials are filtered out of the blood.
These materials pass into a capsule that surrounds the
capillaries.
c. The materials that were removed from the blood pass into a
long, twisting tube. The tube is surrounded by capillaries.
d. As the filtered material flows through the tube, most of the
water and glucose are reabsorbed into the blood. Most of the
urea stays in the tube.
e. After the reabsorbing process is complete, the liquid that
remains in the tube is called urine.
The excretory system collects and
removes waste produced by cells in
the body. In the kidneys are tiny
filters known as Nephrons, where
wastes are filtered out of the blood.
As the levels of compounds and fluids
are monitored, kidney function must be
constantly altered to provide the best
internal environment. Hormones are
released into your system to make you
pee if you have had too much water.
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
The nervous system controls
everything in your body. It sends
messages from the brain to your
endocrine system letting it know to
send hormones to your kidneys.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
LEARNING TARGETS


I can describe the functions of the circulatory system.
I can describe how the circulatory system works with other
systems to maintain homeostasis.
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS:
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
The endocrine system produces chemicals that
regulate many daily activities. Glands in the
endocrine system release their chemicals
directly into the bloodstream where they are
transports throughout the body.
REPIRATORY
SYSTEM
The respiratory system gets oxygen into the
body. In the lungs, red blood cells pick up
oxygen and transport it to cells throughout the
body.
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
The digestive system breaks down food into
nutrients your body’s cells need. In the villi,
nutrients pass from the small intestines into
the blood. The circulatory system then
transports the nutrients to cells throughout
the body.
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
The excretory system collects and removes
waste produced by cells in the body. In the
kidneys are tiny filters known as Nephrons,
where wastes are filtered out of the blood.
COMPONENTS:

Heart – muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Artery – carries blood away from the heart

Vein – carries blood towards the heart

Capillaries – the smallest blood vessels in the body
FUNCTIONS:
1. Delivering Needed Materials
a. Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells.
Blood also transports the glucose your cells use to produce
energy.
2. Removing
a. When cells break down glucose, they produce carbon dioxide
as a waste product.
b. The circulatory system then carries carbon dioxide to the
lungs, where it s exhaled.
3. Fighting Disease
a. The circulatory system also transports cells that attack
disease-causing microorganisms. This helps you from getting
sick. If you do get sick, the disease-fighting blood cells will kill
the microorganisms and help you get well.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
LEARNING TARGETS


I can describe the functions of the immune system.
I can describe how the immune system works with other systems
to maintain homeostasis.
COMPONENTS:

Heart – muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Artery – carries blood away from the heart

Vein – carries blood towards the heart

Capillaries – the smallest blood vessels in the body
FUNCTIONS:
4. Delivering Needed Materials
a. Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells.
Blood also transports the glucose your cells use to produce
energy.
5. Removing
a. When cells break down glucose, they produce carbon dioxide
as a waste product.
b. The circulatory system then carries carbon dioxide to the
lungs, where it s exhaled.
6. Fighting Disease
a. The circulatory system also transports cells that attack
disease-causing microorganisms. This helps you from getting
sick. If you do get sick, the disease-fighting blood cells will kill
the microorganisms and help you get well.
SYSTEM INTERACTIONS: