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Forces Calculating Force and Types of Friction Force: A push or pull exerted on an object • A force is described by its strength and by the direction in which it acts • SI Unit of Force = newton (N) Sir Isaac Newton Net Force: Sum of all forces acting on an object • The change in motion of an object is determined by the net force • You can find the net force by adding together the strengths of all the individual forces • Any nonzero net force causes a change in motion Calculating Net Force: Example: 2 forces pushing on an object from the right 5N 3N 8N Net Force = 8N moving the box to the Right What is the net force for each situation? State whether the forces are Balanced or Unbalanced What about this situation? Balanced Forces: • result in no movement of the object Unbalanced Forces: • the object will move in the direction with the larger applied force Friction: The force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub together • Two factors that affect the force of friction 1. The surfaces involved 2. How hard the surfaces are pushed together • Smooth surfaces produce less friction •Friction acts in the direction opposite of the object’s motion Types of Friction 1. Sliding: when 2 solid surfaces slide over each other * Makes moving objects slow down or stop 2. Static: acts on objects that are NOT moving * Force that keeps you from moving 3. Fluid: when a solid object moves through Water or Air 4. Rolling: occurs when an object Rolls across a surface Gravity: the force that acts to pull objects straight down toward the center of the earth Universal Gravitation: states that ALL objects are attracted to each other 2 factors that affect Gravitational Attraction * Mass and the Distance between the objects • The greater the mass, the great the gravitational force • As distance increases, gravitational force decreases Calculating Force: F = ma Force = mass X acceleration This formula calculates the amount of force that must be applied to an object to accelerate it